关键词： COVID-19 vaccine acceptance   patients with chronic diseases   knowledge   attitude   Ethiopia   DETERMINANT FACTORS   PUBLICATION BIAS   METAANALYSIS  

摘要： COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is crucial for patients with chronic diseases, but previous studies in Ethiopia have yielded inconsistent and inconclusive findings. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following established guidelines. Our search included relevant articles published between 2019 and 2023 from various sources. We assessed study heterogeneity and publication bias, and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among patients with chronic diseases in Ethiopia was 55.4%. We also found that good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward the vaccine were positively associated with the acceptance rate. Based on these results, we recommend that healthcare professionals, policymakers, and healthcare guide developers should work more to address the relatively low acceptance rate. Improving the knowledge and attitude further about the COVID-19 vaccines is crucial. Future research should include community-based and qualitative studies to enhance our understanding of vaccines acceptance.

关键词： COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   schizophrenia   mortality   vaccine   ChAdOx1-S  

摘要： ChAdOx1-S is a viral vector vaccine developed by AstraZeneca. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of 1 and 2 doses of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine in reducing COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in individuals with schizophrenia. This is a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide hospital database in Brazil. Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 and schizophrenia were included in the study. The exposures were 0, 1, and 2 doses of ChAdOx1-S. The outcome of mortality was measured in hazard ratios (HR), calculated using multivariable Cox regression models. The study included 1,929 positive cases of COVID-19 in schizophrenia patients. After adjusting for age, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities, we observed a significant 55% decrease in the hazard of mortality in the 2-dose vaccination group (HR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.310-0.652) compared to the unvaccinated. Surprisingly, our results did not show any significant reduction in the hazard of mortality in the 1 dose vaccination group (HR 1.278, 95% CI: 0.910-1.795). The effectiveness of two doses of ChAdOx1-S in individuals with schizophrenia aligns with findings from studies on the general population. That one dose was insignificant. Overall, these findings are important for informing public health decisions - prioritizing individuals with schizophrenia for vaccinations and managing acceptance of vaccines.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2   SARS-CoV-2 main protease mpro inhibitors   maleimide derivatives   COVID-19  

摘要： In the present work, we report a new series of potent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) inhibitors based on maleimide derivatives. The inhibitory activities were tested in an enzymatic assay using recombinant Mpro (3CL Protease from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2). Within the set of new Mpro inhibitors, 6e demonstrated the highest activity in the enzymatic assay with an IC50 value of 8.52 +/- 0.44 mu M. The IC50 value for Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332, used as a reference) was 0.84 +/- 0.37 mu M. The cytotoxic properties were determined in the MTT assay using MRC-5 and HEK-293 cell lines. In the course of the investigation, we found that the newly obtained maleimide derivatives are not substantially cytotoxic (IC50 values for most compounds were above 200 mu M).

关键词： Stakeholders   COVID-19 epidemic   tourism   reconciliation policy   Pier Luigi Sacco, Humanities, IULM University, Milano, Italy   Policy analysis   Social Policy   Hospitality   Tourism   MANAGEMENT   COMMITMENT   GOVERNANCE   RISK  

摘要： Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the tourism industry in Bangladesh has caused massive disruption in both inbound and outbound tourism, where all interdependent tourism supply chain activities (hotels, resorts, restaurants and transportation) have been forced to be bunged down. The fundamental aim of this qualitative study is to evaluate stakeholders' experiences and opinions about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry of Bangladesh. Reliable literature reviews and qualitative interviews with stakeholders in the tourist industry were utilized to generate the data for this study. This qualitative research was conducted in three phases, comprising a longitudinal approach from January 2021 to March 2022, focusing on the perspectives of multi-level stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industry in four distinct tourist destinations in Bangladesh. Moreover, this research used a case study technique based on 36 semi-structured interviews with important stakeholders in the region. The findings indicate that the influence of COVID-19 on tourism has a substantial positive and negative impact on a number of stakeholders who contribute significantly to the region's sustainable development. Positive impacts are (a) improved air quality, (b) reduced water and noise pollution, (d) limited natural resources consumption and (e) favourable greenhouse atmosphere; on the other hand, negative impacts are (a) reduced rate of tourists arrival (b) unoccupied hotel accommodations (c) disruption of tourism activities (d) declining purchasing trends and (e)hampering socialization process. Based on the evaluation of stakeholders' views, an alternative re-engineering policy framework has been recommended for future strategic actions and control.

关键词： Learning from home   COVID-19   home-school partnerships   Serafina Pastore, Education, Psychology, Communication, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy   Primary/Elementary Education   Classroom Practice   Early Years   INVOLVEMENT  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in interruptions to social, economic, cultural, and educational life, with social distancing measures and well-being concerns leading to widespread restrictions to everyday activities. When COVID-19 first made an impact in 2020, many schools across Australia were closed entirely or provided limited access. Subsequently, many parents and caregivers were tasked with educating their children from home. Throughout this period, a key concern identified by various stakeholders was the potential impact of school closures on academic progression. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated Australian primary school parents' experiences of home-learning with their children due to COVID-19 restrictions in 2020. To explore perceptions of how home-learning was managed by schools and the impact the experience had on children's academic progress from the perspective of parents, survey data were collected (n = 171) and interviews were conducted (n = 29). The study was guided by Epstein's Framework of Parental Involvement, with a particular focus on home-school partnerships. Findings indicated that, despite individual challenges, many parents were willing to engage in home-learning with their children, often beyond what was expected of them by the school. Overall, parents felt that the impact on academic progress was minimal, and that positive experiences were characterised by strong home-school connections. Through building on Epstein's work to reconceptualise parental engagement with learning, rather than parental involvement with school, the study is important because it highlights assumptions made about parents' pedagogical and content knowledge and their capacity to support school directed student learning. Importantly the findings demonstrate how home-school partnerships can be strengthened or put at risk under challenging conditions.

关键词： Influenza vaccine   coverage   COVID-19   free vaccination policy   elderly  

摘要： In 2020-21, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a free influenza vaccination program was initiated among the elderly residents in Ningbo, China. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and free vaccination policy on influenza vaccine uptake needs to be evaluated. The influenza vaccine uptake among individuals born before 31 December, 1962 from 2017-18 to 2022-23 season in Ningbo was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and free vaccination policy. Our analysis included an average of 1,856,565 individuals each year. Influenza vaccination coverage increased from 1.14% in 2017-18 to 33.41% in 2022-23. The vaccination coverage among the free policy target population was 50.03% in 2022-23. Multivariate analysis showed that free vaccination policy increased influenza vaccine uptake most (OR = 11.99, 95%CI: 11.87-12.11). The initial phase of the pandemic was associated with a positive effect on influenza vaccination (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 2.07-2.12), but followed by a negative effect in the subsequent two seasons(2021-22: OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.73-0.76; 2022-23: OR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.39-0.40). COVID-19 vaccination in the current season was a positive predictor of influenza vaccine uptake while not completing booster COVID-19 vaccination before was negative predictor in 2022-23. Having influenza vaccine history and having ILI medical history during the last season were also positive predictors of influenza vaccine uptake. Free vaccination policies have enhanced influenza vaccination coverage among elderly population. The COVID-19 pandemic plays different roles in different seasons. Our study highlights the need for how to implement free vaccination policies targeting vulnerable groups with low vaccination coverage.

关键词： COVID-19   adolescents   sexual and reproductive health   mental health   service adaptations   digital health   IMPACT   WAVES   1ST  

摘要： Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging evidence showed that the provision and use of a range of health services, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, were affected. Otherwise, there was little evidence on whether and how they were adapted to maintain the access of different population groups, including adolescents. The study aims to provide an overview of adaptations to adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services carried out during the early phases of the pandemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Human Reproduction Program (HRP) at the World Health Organization (WHO) called upon WHO and United Nations Populations Fund (UNFPA) regional offices to reach out to organisations that provided ASRH services to submit analytic case studies using a short-form survey. The study team charted information from 36 case studies and performed a content analysis. Results show that the adaptations covered a wide array of SRH services that were provided to a diverse group of adolescents. Most adaptations focused on SRH education and access to contraception in comparison to other SRH services. Over half of the case studies included mental health services, most of which were not provided before the pandemic. The adaptations varied between being face-to-face, remote, digital, and non-digital. Most adaptations complemented a pre-existing service and were nimble, feasible, and acceptable to the targeted adolescents. Lessons learned from this study could be extrapolated into other humanitarian settings and rapid responses for future public health emergencies, provided that rigorous evaluation takes place. Au d & eacute;but de la pand & eacute;mie de COVID-19, des donn & eacute;es & eacute;mergentes ont montr & eacute; que la prestation et l'utilisation d'une gamme de services de sant & eacute;, notamment de sant & eacute; sexuelle et reproductive (SSR), avaient & eacute;t & eacute; touch & eacute;es. Par ailleurs, on disposait de peu d'& ea

关键词： Covid-19   nirmatrelvir-ritonavir   real-world   clinical improvement   off-label treatment   all-cause death  

摘要： BackgroundThe effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has mainly been shown in non-hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The real-world effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir urgently needs to be determined using representative in-hospital patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave of the *** performed a multicentre, retrospective study in five Chinese PLA General Hospital medical centers in Beijing, China. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 10 December 2022 to 20 February 2023 were eligible for inclusion. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed between the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group and the control ***1010 recipients of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and 1010 matched controls were finally analyzed after matching. Compared with matched controls, the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group had a lower incidence rate of all-cause death (4.6/1000 vs. 6.3/1000 person-days, p = 0.013) and a higher incidence rate of clinical improvement (47.6/1000 vs. 45.8/1000 person-days, p = 0.012). Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was associated with a 22% lower all-cause mortality and a 14% higher incidence of clinical improvement. Initiation of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir within 5 days after symptom onset was associated with a 50% lower mortality and a 26% higher clinical improvement rate. By contrast, no significant associations were identified among patients receiving nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment more than 5 days after symptom onset. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was also associated with a 50% increase in survival days and a 12% decrease in days to clinical *** hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave in Beijing, China, the early initiation of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was associated with clinical benefits of lowering mortality and improving clinical recovery.

关键词： Entrepreneurial self-efficacy   subjective norms   role model   needs for achievement   entrepreneurial intention   Yvonne Xian-Han Huang, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong   Educational research   Higher Education   Education - Social sciences   START-UP   ACHIEVEMENT   EDUCATION   MODELS   NEED  

摘要： Entrepreneurship has emerged a prominent of concern during Covid-19 pandemic, making essential contribution toward unemployment as a result of the pandemic. The purpose of this research is to look at the entrepreneurial intentions of students in Indonesia's East Java Province. The research focuses on how students' entrepreneurial intentions are influenced by their perception of their own abilities as entrepreneurs, as well as subjective criteria, role models, and success needs. To further understand the connections between these variables, this quantitative study used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) equation model based on Partial Least Square (PLS) variance. The research involved 340 East Java economics students who were polled. The findings indicate that subjective norms, role models, and needs for achievement affect students' entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the relationship between subjective norms, role models, achievement demands, and entrepreneurship intention is mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. These results provide recommendations for Indonesian institutions and governments to improve their entrepreneurial education approach, emphasizing practice over theory. This research contributes to the scientific knowledge about students' entrepreneurial intentions.

关键词： IAF sourcing arrangements   COVID-19 pandemic   oman   Collins Ntim, University of Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britainand Northern Ireland   Accounting   auditing   corporate governance   G10   M42   RELIANCE   OWNERSHIP  

摘要： This study is purposed to analyse whether COVID-19 pandemic affects the sourcing arrangements IAF. This research uses the signaling theory framework and existing literature to establish hypotheses that are examined using probit regression. The analysis is conducted on a dataset comprising 141 company-year observations, all of which are publicly listed on the Muscat Stock Exchange during the 2019-2020 period. The result in the line with the study's hypothesis, which refer to the significantly and negatively associated between the COVID-19 pandemic and the sourcing arrangements IAF. This study contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the sourcing arrangements of the Internal Audit Function (IAF) within an emerging Asian market, particularly in the context of Oman. It offers the initial empirical evidence of the relationship between the pandemic and IAF sourcing arrangements to the benefit of companies, auditors, shareholders, and regulatory bodies. The result offer contributions to the auditing and accounting literature as well as practice's implications.