关键词： design education   participatory design   inclusive education   project-based learning   psychological empowerment   community engagement   SUB-DIVIDED UNITS   HONG-KONG   INTRINSIC MOTIVATION   DESIGN   CHILDREN   POVERTY   MODEL   PARTICIPATION   ADOLESCENT   EDUCATION  

摘要： Extending the theoretical frameworks of empowerment, design thinking, and Biggs' Presage-Process-Product (3P) model to multidisciplinary inclusive education, this study examines the relationship between the learning outcomes of inclusive project-based learning (PBL) and its impact on young learners' psychological empowerment (PE), learning motivation (LE) and sense of alienation (AL). Quantitative research results demonstrate that participatory PBL can contribute to inclusive education and empower the socioeconomic disadvantaged community in the process. The target group - young learners aged 6-12 years old living in sub-divided flats - perceived their learning more positively and showed a reduced sense of psychological alienation after the engagement in participatory design on their home learning environment. Ninety per cent of participants agreed that the participatory programme has improved the living and learning environment; 87.8% of them assented that their overall efficiency of studying and learning has improved. The findings confirmed that participatory design experiences have significant positive impacts on participants' PE and LE, whilst alleviating AL. This research adds knowledge to literature related to holistic competency development, PBL, and design thinking in inclusive education.

关键词： COVID-19   online learning   African Nova Scotian learners   remote learning   inclusive education  

摘要： COVID-19 pandemic led to temporary closures of public schools and increased need for technology to support students' access to learning capabilities. The situation created enormous burdens for all education stakeholders with teachers struggling on how to package learning materials that are easily accessible to students at home, and parents struggling to structure a home learning environment to support their children. This research was conducted to develop an understanding of challenges that African Nova Scotian (ANS) parents faced when supporting their learners throughout the COVID-19 crisis. The underlying concern was that COVID-19 related school closures combined with a seismic shift in the learning environment would widen pre-existing achievement gaps among ANS learners. Utilising a methodology framed from a Participatory Action Research perspective, ANS household survey data was collected and analysed. Gaining a better understanding of how ANS students and their support network experienced remote learning is critical for the successful implementation of the current inclusive education policy in the Nova Scotia education system. With an understanding of the challenges faced by ANS learner households and perspectives for the future presented through an ANS lens, our study can help inform a more productive and inclusive public education system in the post-COVID-19 world.

摘要： The article raises the issue of the quality of life (QoL) of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, its relationships with coping and mediating role of the received social support (RSS). The nationwide survey was conducted from September 13, 2021 to October 1, 2021. The total of 4970 individuals aged 10–18 years old were researched in Poland. The KIDSCREEN-27, the Brief COPE by Charles S. Carver in the Polish adaptation and the Berlin Social-Support Scales were employed in the research. SPSS and PROCESS macro were used for descriptive, correlational, and mediation analyses. The results indicate the relationship between the perceived QoL (QoL) with active coping, seeking social support coping and helplessness coping. The essential mediating role of the RSS was confirmed for the relationship between coping with stress and QoL in the group of the individuals researched. The findings imply that both in daily and difficult situations, social systems of support should be activated to provide environment for optimal development of adolescents, diminish consequences of potential risk factors, and enhance the significance of protective factors.

关键词： Vaccination readiness   Mental health   Informal caregivers   Long-term care   COVID-19   INFLUENZA VACCINATION   DEPRESSION  

摘要： Introduction: Vaccinations are important for informal caregivers and their care recipients. Mental health problems are common among care givers. The aim of this study was to investigate vaccination readiness in informal caregivers and associations with mental health issues. Associations between vaccination readiness in informal caregivers and the vaccination status of their aged care recipients were examined. Methods: Within the multicenter prospective registry study 'Bavarian ambulatory Covid-19 Monitor (BaCoM) ', informal caregivers were asked for symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), burden of caretaking (BSFC-s), psychological antecedents of vaccination readiness (5C model) and previous Covid-19 infections of their care recipients. The vaccination status against Covid-19, seasonal influenza and pneumococcal disease was determined via vaccination certificates. Data analysis was performed using ordinal regressions and Mann-Whitney-U U tests. Results: Data of n = 91 informal caregivers, associated with n = 84 care recipients were collected. Symptoms of depression were associated with reduced vaccination readiness (Calculation: p = 0.026, OR = 1.18), as well as the perceived burden of caretaking (Confidence: p = 0.006, OR = 0.88). A previous Covid-19 infection of the care recipients was associated with decreased vaccination readiness of informal caregivers (Median (Q1-Q3) Confidence: 5.0 (4.5-6.0) vs. 4.0 (3.0-5.0); Calculation: 5.0 (3.0-6.0) vs. 4.0 (1.0-5.0)). The vaccination status of the care recipients interrelated significantly with vaccination readiness of their informal caregivers (Confidence: p < 0.001; Complacency: p <0.01; Constraints p < 0.05). No significant interrelations between vaccination readiness and the vaccination status against seasonal influenza or pneumococcal disease occurred. Conclusion: Mental health issues of informal caregivers seem to be associated with the actual vaccination status against Covid-19 in their care recipients. Target group spec

关键词： COVID-19   post-acute sequelae of COVID-19   Long COVID   myocardial dysfunction   echocardiography and global longitudinal strain  

摘要： Background Cardiac impairment has been associated with acute COVID-19 since the earliest reports of the pandemic. However, its role in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC, or “long COVID”) is undefined, and many existing observations about cardiovascular involvement in PASC are uncontrolled. Objective To compare the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction in patients with Long COVID, and non-infected controls from the same community, and explore their association with functional capacity. Methods Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac structure and function, including the measurement of global longitudinal strain (GLS), in 190 participants with Long COVID. All underwent assessment of functional impairment by subjective (Duke Activity Status Index, DASI) and objective tests (6-minute walk test, 6MWT). The 190 participants from the Long COVID group were matched with those from 979 patients who underwent the same tests in the pre-COVID-19 era, using a propensity score. Results The 190 patients with Long COVID had similar age and risk factor profiles to those of their matched controls. LV dimensions and geometry, but not diastolic parameters, were significantly altered in the Long COVID group. The Long COVID group had subclinical systolic dysfunction (GLS 18.5±2.6 vs 19.3±2.7%, p=0.005), and more Long COVID patients had abnormal (<16%) GLS (13% vs 8%, p=0.035). The association of Long COVID with abnormal GLS (OR 1.49 [1.04, 2.45]) was independent of - and had a similar or greater effect size - than age and risk factors. There was no interaction of Long COVID with the association of risk factors with GLS. As expected, the Long COVID group had significant subjective (<85% predicted METS; 72% vs 5%, p<0.001) and objective functional impairment (29% vs 24%, p=0.026), but GLS was only weakly associated with both subjective (r=0.30, p=0.005) and objective (r=0.21, p=0.05) functional impairment. The presence of Long COVID was independently associated with subjective (OR=159.7

关键词： Correlates of COVID-19 risk   SARS-CoV-2 antibodies   Omicron BA.1   Ad26.COV2 center dot S booster  

摘要： Identifying immune correlates of risk following COVID-19 vaccine boosters has become paramount as a result of the challenges in generating additional efficacy data. The trial data described here was collected in the United States, with a large part of the study conduct coinciding with the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant. The vaccine trial involved the administration of a booster dose of ***2 center dot S center dot S at least 6 months after primary vaccination with either a single dose of ***2 center dot S center dot S or a 2-dose BNT162b2 vaccine regimen. Immunogenicity was assessed through Wuhan Spike binding antibodies (bAb), neutralizing antibodies (nAb), and Omicron BA.1 cross-neutralizing antibodies (nAb BA.1) at Day 1 (pre-boost), Day 15-, and 6-months post-boost. Immune correlates analyses demonstrate that, higher titers of bAb, nAb, and nAb BA.1 at Day 15 were consistently associated with a lower risk of symptomatic COVID-19 following a booster dose of ***2 center dot S, center dot S, irrespective of the primary vaccine regimen. Similar results were obtained using multivariable analyses. Furthermore, Day 1 nAb levels against the Wuhan reference strain exhibited a statistically significant inverse relationship with the risk of symptomatic COVID-19. These findings highlight the value of assessing immune correlates for vaccine boosters, especially in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

摘要： Background Adequate prenatal care is vital for positive maternal, fetal, and child health outcomes; however, differences in prenatal care utilization exist, particularly among rural populations. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth in prenatal care, but its impact on the adequacy of care remains unclear. Methods Using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data, this study examined prenatal care adequacy during the early-pandemic year (2020) and pre-pandemic years (2016–2019) and investigated rural-urban inequities. Logistic regression models assessed the association between the pandemic year and prenatal care adequacy, and considered barriers to virtual care as a covariate. Results The sample consisted of 163,758 respondents in 2016–2019 and 42,314 respondents in 2020. Overall, the study participants were 12% less likely to receive adequate prenatal visits during the early-pandemic year (2020) compared with 2016–2019 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.86, 0.91]). Respondents in rural areas had lower odds of receiving adequate prenatal care compared with those in urban areas during both pre-pandemic years (aOR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.88, 0.93]) and the early-pandemic year (aOR = 0.94; 95% CI [0.88, 0.99]). However, after adjusting for barriers to virtual care, the difference between rural and urban areas in the early-pandemic year became nonsignificant (aOR = 0.93; 95% CI [0.78, 1.11]). Barriers to virtual care, including lack of phones, data, computers, internet access, and private space, were significantly associated with inadequate prenatal care. Conclusion During the early-pandemic year, PRAMS respondents experienced reduced adequacy of prenatal care. Although rural-urban inequities persisted, our results suggest that existing barriers to virtual care explained these inequities. Telehealth interventions that minimize these barriers could potentially enhance health care utilization among pregnant peop

摘要： Toll-like receptor 7 (Tlr7)deficiency-accelerated severe COVID-19 is associated with reduced production of interferons (IFNs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To address these questions, we utilizeTlr7andIrf7deficiency mice, single-cell RNA analysis together with bone marrow transplantation approaches. We demonstrate that at the early phase of infection, SARS-CoV-2 causes the upregulation ofTlr7,Irf7, and IFN pathways in the lungs of the infected mice. The deficiency ofTlr7andIrf7globally and/or in immune cells in mice increases the severity of COVID-19 via impaired IFN activation in both immune and/or non-immune cells, leading to increased lung viral loads. These effects are associated with reduced IFN alpha and gamma levels in the circulation. The deficiency ofTlr7tends to cause the reduced production and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in the lungs of the infected mice, indicative of reduced IRF7 activation. Despite higher amounts of lung viral antigen,Tlr7orIrf7deficiency resulted in substantially reduced production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, thereby delaying the viral clearance. These results highlight the importance of the activation of TLR7 and IRF7 leading to IFN production on the development of innate and adaptive immunity against COVID-19.

关键词： cetylpyridinium chloride   COVID-19   mouthwash   on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide solution   randomized controlled trial  

摘要： Objectives The established effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2 viral titers is unclear. No clinical trial has examined the impact of on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2 viral titer. Methods In this multicenter, three-armed, randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients, we randomly assigned them to receive 20 mL of 0.05% CPC, 10 mL of 0.01% on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide, or 20 mL of purified water as a placebo mouthwash in a 1:1:1 ratio. The primary measurement was the SARS-CoV-2 viral titer in saliva, evaluated by a mixed-effects linear regression model. Results 49 patients received CPC mouthwash (n=16), on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide mouthwash (n=16), and placebo (n=17) between January 14, 2024, and February 20, 2024. 0.05% CPC mouthwash significantly reduced salivary viral titer at 10 minutes post-use (-0.97 log 10 PFU/mL; 95% CI, -1.64 to -0.30; P=0.004), while no such effect was observed at 30 minutes (difference vs. placebo, -0.26 log 10 PFU/mL; 95% CI, -0.92 to 0.40; P=0.435) or 60 minutes (difference vs. placebo, -0.05 log 10 PFU/mL; 95% CI, -0.68 to 0.58; P=0.877). 0.01% on-demand chlorine dioxide mouthwash did not reduce salivary viral titer at 10 min, 30 min, or 60 min compared to placebo. Conclusions 10 minutes after using a 0.05% CPC mouthwash, the salivary viral titer of SARS-CoV-2 decreased compared to placebo. 0.01% on-demand aqueous chlorine dioxide mouthwash and placebo had no significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 viral titers. Trial Registration Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT): jRCTs031230566.