关键词： Gratitude   hope   fear of COVID-19   distress tolerance   undergraduate students   PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS   DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS   NURSING-STUDENTS   ANXIETY   ADOLESCENTS   ADAPTATION   VALIDATION   HAPPINESS   IMPACT   ROLES  

摘要： ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the mental health of people all over the world. The distress tolerance of individuals may make them more resilient to negative emotions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediating roles of hope and fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between gratitude and distress *** study was designed as STROBE cross-sectional reporting guidelines, and included 440 health science students enrolled in a public university in Turkey. Participants completed the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, Distress Tolerance Scale, Hope Scale, and Fear of COVID-19 *** direct link between gratitude and distress tolerance was not significant. Hope was positively associated with gratitude and distress tolerance, whereas fear of COVID-19 was negatively associated with gratitude, hope, and distress tolerance. Hope and fear of COVID-19 do not sequentially mediate the link between gratitude and distress *** positive relationship between gratitude and distress tolerance was mediated only by hope. The findings of our study are important as they emphasise that individuals with high dispositional gratitude and hope may improve their distress tolerance abilities. For dispositional gratitude to improve the ability to tolerate distress, additional efforts to provide individuals with this ability may be necessary. What is already known about this topic:(1) The COVID-19 epidemic has increased psychological distress such as anxiety and fear.(2) Poor distress tolerance causes negative emotions to be experienced more intensely.(3) Gratitude and hope improve mental *** this topic adds:(1) In the COVID-19 epidemic, the relationships between distress tolerance as well as positive (hope and gratitude) and negative psychology (fear of COVID-19) variables were not examined.(2) Gratitude and hope may improve distress tolerance.(3) In order for gratitude to improve distress tolerance ability, skill development

关键词： vaccination   Vaccine hesitancy   vaccine acceptance   COVID-19 relatedstress   anxiety   depression   risk-perception   stigma   COVID-19 pandemic   coronavirus   immunization   Pakistan   INFLUENZA   HEALTH   DETERMINANTS   INTENTION   COVERAGE   SARS  

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several impacts. Focusing on 360 participants (178 males, 182 females), this study explored the association between COVID-19 related distress, risk perception, stigma, and vaccine hesitancy and acceptance in the general population. Measures used included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and COVID Stress Scale (CSS) to evaluate anxiety, depression, and COVID-19 related distress, the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale and COVID-19 Stigma Discrimination Scale to assess risk perception and stigma, and the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and Vaccine Acceptance Instrument to measure vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. The findings revealed that 66.9% of participants exhibited vaccine hesitancy, and stress and risk perception were significant predictors of both vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, even after controlling for demographic factors. This study highlights the importance of understanding the factors mentioned above that will contribute to vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, which will contribute to promoting vaccine acceptance.

关键词： Vaccine hesitancy   social sciences   COVID-19   research community   interdisciplinarity   RISK   HESITANCY   TRENDS   MMR  

摘要： The pandemic dramatically accelerated research on vaccine attitudes and uptake, a field which mobilizes researchers from the social sciences and humanities as well as biomedical and public health disciplines. The field has the potential to contribute much more, but the growth in research and the deeper connections between disciplines brings challenges as well as opportunities. This perspective article assesses the recent development of the field, exploring progress whilst emphasizing that not enough attention has been paid to national and local contexts. This lack of contextual attention limits the progress of research and hinders our capacity to learn from the COVID-19 crisis. We suggest three concrete responses: building and recognizing new publishing formats for reporting and synthesizing studies at a country level; establishing country-level interdisciplinary networks to connect research and praxis; and strengthening international comparative survey work by enhancing the focus on local contextual factors.

关键词： Stochastic optimal control   COVID-19   stochastic SVEAIR model   SIRS EPIDEMIC MODEL   DYNAMICS   STABILITY  

摘要： In this paper, we construct a stochastic SVEAIR (Susceptible-Vaccinated-Exposed -Asymptomatic-Infected-Removed) epidemic model. It aimed to investigate COVID-19 control strategies through four different control methods, which consist of prophylaxis, vaccination control, rapid screening of people in exposure categories, and people identified as infected without screening. Firstly, we study the optimal control model and obtain the optimal control strategy using stochastic control theory. Secondly, the optimal control model with control term or without control term is numerically analyzed by using the implicit Runge-Kutta approximation method. At last, The numerical simulations verify the theoretical results and it show that control could help reduce infection and improve population health.

关键词： COVID-19   pandemic preparedness   vaccine   vaccination   equity   intellectual property rights   manufacturing   low- and middle-income countries   FOOD SECURITY   HUMAN-RIGHTS   LESSONS   AFRICA   IMPACT  

摘要： Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed unprecedented vaccine innovation, revealing critical shortcomings in achieving equitable vaccine access and underscoring the need for a focused review of the lessons learned to inform future pandemic preparedness, with emphasis on vaccine delivery, equity, and challenges in LMICs. Areas covered We critically analyzed the pandemic vaccine development and distribution journey and the operational mechanisms that facilitated these achievements. For this purpose, we primarily searched pandemic vaccine stakeholder websites, reports, and publications. The analysis extends beyond the scientific narrative to address the 'how' of the process while anchoring the discussion on equity and global health security as fundamental to preparing for future pandemics. Expert opinion Drawing on the insights gained from the COVID-19 pandemic, we identify several key challenges requiring immediate attention to fortify preparedness for future pandemics. These are cultivating leadership in the field of vaccinology, guaranteeing equitable global access to diagnostics, therapeutic agents, and vaccines, securing adequate funding for ongoing research and development, ensuring the fair distribution of vaccines, and strategically allocating biomedical manufacturing facilities to ensure a balanced global production capacity. Addressing these challenges is imperative to establish a robust pandemic response framework and mitigate the impact of future global health crises.

关键词： Health commissioners   perspective   antibiotic resistance   COVID-19   pandemic   CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS  

摘要： Introduction:The occurrence of antibiotic resistance (AR) has become a critical issue during the Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study explores the experiences of healthcare commissioners with AR during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifies challenges, and provides recommendations for combating AR during ***:This qualitative study was multi-centered and used a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 among 11 health commissioners using video ***:Seven themes emerged from the data, including knowledge of AR and its consequences, the antibiotic prescription system, the future of AR and potential contributory factors, the impact of COVID-19 on AR and their relationship, the experience of AR during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare facilities, barriers that prevent the misuse of antibiotics during pandemics, and recommendations regarding antibiotic resistance during ***:The findings of this study could be used to inform policy and practice for government healthcare workers (HCWs) and the public. Furthermore, this study identified the main challenges of AR during the pandemic, and the recommendations of health commissioners were provided accordingly. Such recommendations could be beneficial on a national and international scale to reduce the impact of future pandemics on AR.

关键词： Vaccine hesitancy   vaccine confidence   COVID-19   routinely recommended vaccines   changes   disparities   adults   nationally representative survey, United States   UNITED-STATES   BOOSTER VACCINATION   COVERAGE   ADOLESCENTS   INTENT  

摘要： IntroductionUnderstanding changes in vaccine hesitancy, overall and by sociodemographic characteristics, may highlight sub-populations for whom more intensive efforts are needed to increase vaccine uptake and *** analyzed data using the CDC's Research and Development Survey (RANDS), a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults >= 18 years, collected from 17 May 2021-30 June 2021 (n = 5,458) and 3 November 2022-12 December 2022 (n = 6,821). We assessed changes in vaccine hesitancy, changes in vaccine attitudes and attitudes, and factors associated with hesitancy toward both vaccines in general and COVID-19 vaccines among a nationally representative sample of U.S. *** COVID-19 vaccination (>= 1 dose) increased from 67.2% (2021) to 74.7% (2022), COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy increased from 40.7% to 44.6% during the same period. During the same period, hesitancy toward both COVID-19 vaccines and vaccines in general increased among those who were aged >= 65 years and who were non-Hispanic White. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased among non-Hispanic Black adults. Current or former smokers were more hesitant toward vaccines in general (aPR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.03-1.24) and toward COVID-19 vaccines (aPR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.16) compared to never smokers. Among adults who did not receive any COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy increased from 86.6% in 2021 to 92.4% in 2022. Furthermore, belief in the overall social benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine decreased from 47.5% to 25.1%.ConclusionThis study highlights concerning trends in vaccine hesitancy and uptake of the COVID-19 and other recommended vaccines. We found that some high-risk groups (e.g. smokers) and population subgroups have become more vaccine hesitant, suggesting the need for improved and intensified strategies to increase vaccine confidence and uptake. Future research may focus on qualitative inquiry to understand specific concerns and determinants contributin

关键词： Commuting   COVID-19   housing demand   house-price gradients   real estate   urban amenities   I18   R21   R28   MENTAL-HEALTH   AMENITIES   MODEL  

摘要： This paper tests how the patterns of residential property values in the Australian state New South Wales changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2019 and 2021, property values became relatively high in medium-sized towns and cities, suggesting those locations became more attractive. In its capital and largest city Sydney, the premium on proximity to the central business district (CBD), where employment is heavily concentrated, decreased after 2019 and that decrease persisted beyond the end of pandemic measures. The premium in Sydney on proximity to the beach has increased, but on a trajectory consistent with an existing trend. The decreased premium on proximity to the CBD since 2019 appears to have initially been related to the value of access via public transport, but then also to the value of access by car. The findings suggest shifts in regional development and urban form that could have implications for how cities are planned and developed.

关键词： Bolivia   COVID-19   emergency energy subsidies   welfare distribution   electricity consumption   ENERGY   SUBSIDIES  

摘要： In Autumn 2020, the Bolivian government introduced a scheme to support electricity costs, aiming to alleviate the financial strain of a nationwide lockdown on households. Our study delves into the effects of this policy on electricity consumption and its monetary implications for recipients. Focusing on six major Bolivian cities, we analyze a comprehensive dataset comprising monthly electricity usage records from all meters within these urban centers. Additionally, we examine the distribution of consumption changes and monetary benefits across different demographic segments within each city. Our findings reveal that while absolute reductions in bills predominantly favor households with higher incomes, education levels, and smaller sizes, relative reductions, adjusted for income per capita, favor households with lower incomes, education levels, and larger sizes. From a policy perspective, we emphasize the need for targeted assistance for low-income households to uphold the implicit pro-poor objectives of similar emergency subsidy programs.