关键词： COVID-19 vaccine   adverse events   antibody responses   PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS  

摘要： Various novel platform technologies have been used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this nested cohort study among healthcare workers in Australia and Brazil who received three different COVID-19-specific vaccines, we (a) evaluated the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI); (b) compared AEFI by vaccine type, dose and country; (c) identified factors influencing the incidence of AEFI; and (d) assessed the association between reactogenicity and vaccine anti-spike IgG antibody responses. Of 1302 participants who received homologous 2-dose regimens of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac), 1219 (94%) completed vaccine reaction questionnaires. Following the first vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in ChAdOx1-S recipients (374/806, 46%) compared with BNT162b2 (55/151, 36%; p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (26/262, 10%; p < 0.001) recipients. After the second vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in BNT162b2 recipients (66/151, 44%) compared with ChAdOx1-S (164/806, 20%; p < 0.001) or CoronaVac (23/262, 9%; p < 0.001) recipients. AEFI risk was higher in younger participants, females, participants in Australia, and varied by vaccine type and dose. Prior COVID-19 did not impact the risk of AEFI. Participants in Australia compared with Brazil reported a higher incidence of any local reaction (170/231, 74% vs 222/726, 31%, p < 0.001) and any systemic reaction (171/231, 74% vs 328/726, 45%, p < 0.001), regardless of vaccine type. Following a primary course of ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac vaccination, participants who did not report AEFI seroconverted at a similar rate to those who reported local or systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of AEFI was influenced by participant age and COVID-19 vaccine type, and differed between participants in Australia and Brazil.

关键词： COVID-19   pandemic   obstetrics and gynaecology trainees   mental health   depression   anxiety   IMPACT  

摘要： BackgroundCoronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the training and wellbeing of obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) trainees. The aim of this review is to offer a worldwide overview on its' impact on the mental health of O&G trainees, so that measures can be put into place to better support trainees during the transition back to the 'new normal'.MethodsKey search terms used on PubMed and Google Scholar databases include: mental health, COVID-19, O&G, trainees, *** articles (cumulative number of respondents = 3230) were identified, of which eight employed validated questionnaires (n = 1807 respondents), while non-validated questionnaires were used in seven (n = 1423 respondents). Studies showed that COVID-19 appeared to exert more of a negative impact on females and on senior trainees' mental health, while protective factors included marriage/partner and having had children. Validated and non-validated questionnaires suggested that trainees were exposed to high levels of anxiety and depression. Their mental health was also affected by insomnia, stress, burnout and fear of passing on the *** review analyses the global impact of COVID-19 on O&G trainees' mental health, showing a pervasive negative effect linked to fear of the virus. Limited psychological support has led to prolonged issues, hindering patient safety and increasing sick leave. The study underscores the urgency of comprehensive support, particularly in female-dominated fields. Addressing these challenges is crucial for future pandemics, highlighting the need to learn from past mistakes and prioritise mental health resources for trainee well-being during and beyond pandemics. This review provides a worldwide overview of the impact Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) trainees. Fifteen articles were identified, of which eight employed validated questionnaires (n = 1807 respondents), while non-validated questionnaires

关键词： Co-administration   vaccines   COVID-19   influenza   elderly   RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS   UPDATED COVID-19   UNITED-STATES   COVERAGE   SAFETY  

摘要： This research examines the low rate of co-administration of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines among seniors aged 65 and older in Korea, despite recommendations from authorities and academia worldwide. The study aimed to understand the influence of general characteristics and health beliefs on the vaccination choices of seniors, who were categorized into four groups based on their vaccination status: influenza only, COVID-19 only, both, or neither. A total of 400 participants, aged 65 and above, were selected through proportional stratified random sampling from five major Korean regions for a survey conducted between November 24th and December 15th, 2023. The results indicated no significant differences in general characteristics across these groups. However, regarding the health beliefs showed significant differences in perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy between the influenza-only and co-administration groups. Higher levels of perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy were associated with choosing co-administration. Contrary to previous studies focusing on safety concerns as a primary factor in vaccine hesitancy, this study highlights the role of individual health-related beliefs, particularly perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy, as critical in influencing the decision for co-administration among the elderly in Korea.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   health implication   public debt   inflation   socio-economic development  

摘要： While the coronavirus was a global health crisis, it also generated enormous socio-economic challenges such as trading, buying and selling, socio-economic meltdown, health sector breakdown, poor housing facilities, poverty, unemployment, low income, inequality, and epileptic power supply, amongst others, in developing countries like Nigeria. This paper interrogates the political economy of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) on socio-economic development in Nigeria from 2019-2022. The paper relied on qualitative methods using documentary research methods (analysis of secondary data from Nigeria's Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Nigeria, the NCDC report, the World Bank/IMF post-COVID-19 report, ECOWAS, the AU, WHO reports, and reputable journals). Findings revealed, among others, that Nigeria, being a revenue economy, suffered greatly from COVID-19 because it affected the economy's development, diaspora remittance, and the health status of the nation due to the fall in oil prices, the shutdown of businesses, and the inflation of goods and services. On the positive side, the coronavirus-induced public health crisis provided a chance for many state governments to implement long-term public health reforms. The paper recommends, among other things, that the government intensify tremendous efforts to get support for strengthening production in the manufacturing industries as a way of implementing a post-COVID-19 economic recovery strategy. The Federal and State governments of Nigeria (ministry of health, budget and planning, EFCC/ICPC, and the National Assembly) need a paradigm shift from traditionalism (corruption and embesslement of public funds) to modernity (technologically driven society, accountability, transparency, investment in human capital development, diversification of the economy, investment in the health sector, and advancement in technology in tertiary institutions). A SHORT SUMMARY ON HOW THE RESEARCH REPORTED IN THIS PAPER RELATES TO WIDER PROJ

关键词： Primary care   COVID-19   quality of care   future-proofing   health service capacity & resilience  

摘要： BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the indispensable role of primary care. Objectives: Recognising this, the PRICOV-19 study investigated how 5,489 GP practices across 38 countries (Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kosovo*, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, and United Kingdom) adapted their care delivery during the pandemic. MethodsBased on a series of discussions on the results of the PRICOV-19 study group, eight recommendations to enhance primary care's preparedness for future crises were formulated and endorsed by EQuiP and WONCA Europe. ResultsThe recommendations underscore the importance of recognising and sustaining the substantial strides made in patient safety within GP practices during the pandemic in current daily practices; acknowledging and supporting the pivotal role of GP practices in addressing health inequalities during crises; adopting interprofessional care models to enhance practices' resilience and adaptability to change; supporting training practices; creating healthy working environments; investing in infrastructure that supports adequate and safe care; and increasing funding for research on patient safety and primary care quality to inform evidence-based health policies and fostering international knowledge exchange among healthcare professionals and policymakers. ConclusionPolicymakers, primary care associations, and the broader healthcare system are urged to collaboratively take responsibility and increase support for GP practices to enhance their resilience, adaptability, and capacity to deliver safe and equitable healthcare during future crises.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccination   health belief model   theory of planned behavior, vaccination intention   vaccine hesitancy   theoretical behavior models   structural equation modeling  

摘要： The COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on the global health landscape, underscoring the crucial role that vaccinations play in achieving herd immunity and reducing the effects of pandemics. Given the importance of this issue, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that influence individuals' decisions to seek vaccination. This study aimed to compare the prediction level of the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a combined model in explaining the intention of adults to receive COVID-19 immunization. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adults (n = 505) in Saudi Arabia. The survey contained variables related to the HBM and TPB. The prediction level of the two models as well as a combined model were evaluated utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Among the recruited 505 participants, 88% fell within the 18 to 30 age range, and 54.5% were male. The proposed HBM model accounted for 68% of the variation in intention, whereas the TPB model explained 78.2% of the variation in COVID-19 vaccination intention. The combined model showed greater explanatory power (82%). The variables of susceptibility (beta = 0.20, p < .001), severity (beta = 0.49, p < .001), advantages (beta = 0.63, p < .001), and obstacles (beta = - 0.24, p < .001), perceptions of behavioral control (beta = 1.58, p < .001) and attitudes (beta = 0.44, p < .001) were found to significantly predict increased vaccination intentions in the combined model. However, the subjective norm construct did not significantly predict vaccination intentions (beta = 0.06, p = .34). The TPB has greater explanatory power than the HBM in predicting the intention to obtain COVID-19 vaccination. However, the combined model showed a greater prediction level. Understanding and identifying people's perceived health beliefs and practices is critical for developing successful COVID-19 intervention methods.

关键词： Minority groups   Israel   Covid-19   Ultra-Orthodox Jews   Arabs in Israel   Lincoln Geraghty, School of Media and Performing Arts, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK   Cultural Studies   Popular Culture   Subcultures   POLICY  

摘要： The purpose of this study is to examine minority communities' behavior and practice in Israel during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021) using Smelser's model for collective behavior. The paper uses formal documents of Israeli state institutions and media reports and concentrates on two minority groups: Ultra-Orthodox Jews (13% of the population) and Arabs (21%). These two populations constitute minority groups with similarities in aspects such as tradition and language that are unique to each. Both communities also suffered from high morbidity rates compared to the general population. The main conclusions of the study are: (1) Ultra-Orthodox Jews disregarded official decrees and obeyed only the religious leadership; (2) the Arab population distrusted the official establishment and its instructions for two major reasons: longstanding neglect of the health system in Arab localities and frequent policy changes during the pandemic; (3) both groups maintained their patterns of collective behavior despite formal instructions to avoid it during the pandemic; and (4) the state failed to provide both communities with updated information during the pandemic, which increased both groups' distrust of the formal state instructions. This dysfunctioning was a spark event for further disobeying of both communities.

关键词： Burnout   COVID-19   health care workers   organizational environment   ethical work environment   trabajadores de la salud   ambiente organizaci & oacute   n   ambiente laboral & eacute   tico   PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT   DISTRESS   OUTBREAK   PREVALENCE   STRESS  

摘要： Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups to experience burnout during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the risk and protective factors of burnout is crucial in guiding the development of interventions; however, the understanding of burnout determinants in the Canadian HCW population remains ***: Identify risk and protective factors associated with burnout in Canadian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate organizational factors as moderators in the relationship between COVID-19 contact and ***: Data were drawn from an online longitudinal survey of Canadian HCWs collected between 26 June 2020 and 31 December 2020. Participants completed questions pertaining to their well-being, burnout, workplace support and concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Baseline data from 1029 HCWs were included in the analysis. Independent samples t-tests and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate factors associated with burnout ***: HCWs in contact with COVID-19 patients showed significantly higher likelihood of probable burnout than HCWs not directly providing care to COVID-19 patients. Fewer years of work experience was associated with a higher likelihood of probable burnout, whereas stronger workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership, and a favourable ethical climate were associated with a decreased likelihood of probable burnout. Workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership, and ethical climate did not moderate the associations between contact with COVID-19 patients and ***: Our findings suggest that HCWs who worked directly with COVID-19 patients, had fewer years of work experience, and perceived poor workplace support, organizational leadership, supervisory leadership and ethical climate were at higher risk of burnout. Ensuring reasonable work hours, adequate support from management, and fostering an ethica

关键词： COVID-19   vaccine   multiple evanescent white dot syndrome   uveitis   adverse reaction   OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY   HEPATITIS-A   ANGIOGRAPHY   SARS-COV-2  

摘要： Considering the widespread use of COVID-19 vaccines as a preventive measure against the spread of the virus, it's necessary to direct attention to the adverse effects associated with vaccines in a limited group of populations. Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) following COVID-19 vaccination is a rare adverse reaction associated with COVID-19 vaccines. In this systematic review, we collected 19 articles with 27 patients up to November 1, 2023, summarizing the basic information, clinical manifestations, examinations, treatments, and recoveries of the 27 patients. The 27 enrolled patients (6 males, 21 females) had a median age of 34.1 years (15-71 years old) and were mainly from 5 regions: Asia (8), the Mediterranean region (8), North America (7), Oceania (3) and Brazil (1). Symptoms occurred post-first dose in 9 patients, post-second dose in 14 (1 with symptoms after both), post-third dose in 1, and both post-second and booster doses in 1, while details on 2 cases were not disclosed. Treatments included tapered oral steroids (6), topical steroids (3), tapered prednisone with antiviral drugs and vitamins (1), and valacyclovir and acetazolamide (1), while 16 received no treatment. All patients experienced symptom improvement, and nearly all patients ultimately recovered. Moreover, we summarized possible hypotheses concerning the mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine-associated MEWDS. The findings provide insights into the clinical aspects of COVID-19 vaccine-associated MEWDS. More attention should be given to patients with vaccine-associated MEWDS, and necessary treatment should be provided to patients experiencing a substantial decline in visual acuity to improve their quality of life.

关键词： Dividend policy   stock market reaction   crisis   covid-19   real estate and property   C33   G01   G35   David McMillan, University of Stirling, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland   ANNOUNCEMENTS   COMPANIES   DETERMINANTS   IMPACT  

摘要： The economic turbulence experienced during the COVID-19 crisis in Indonesia in 2020 provides a backdrop for this study, which aims to investigate the relationship between the crisis and dividend policies within the real estate and property sectors in Indonesia, along with the stock market's response to corporate announcements. The examination involves multiple robustness tests, including the incorporation of various proxy measures for the primary variables augmented with control variables to fortify the model, as well as a sub-period robustness check to assess the relationship between the crisis and dividend policies, and market reactions. The findings of this research indicate that companies tended to adopt a negative dividend policy during times of crisis. The sub-period robustness check consistently reveals that dividend policies are positively correlated with macroeconomic conditions, a pattern also observed in the pre-crisis period. The statistical analysis tools used are dynamic panel data regression for testing the causality of crisis and dividend policy, and also one-sample T-test for testing stock market reaction. Furthermore, the results suggest a positive market response to dividend announcements during the 2020 crisis. A comparison with the pre-crisis year 2019 and the post-crisis year 2021 indicates that these comparative periods did not exhibit a similar positive reaction as observed during the crisis. Consequently, this study offers implications for real estate and property sector companies in Indonesia to consider adopting negative dividend policy to maintain the company's survival amidst a crisis full of uncertainty.