关键词： COVID-19   immune correlates   vaccines   SARS-CoV-2 variants   mucosal immunity   T-cells   SARS-COV-2 INFECTION   UNITED-STATES   TRANSMISSION   PROTECTS   EFFICACY   MUCOSAL   SAFETY  

摘要： Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and has required vaccine updating and boosting. Nevertheless, hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 have remained low. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of immune responses that contribute to population immunity and the mechanisms how vaccines attenuate COVID-19 disease severity.

关键词： PUBLIC-HEALTH  

关键词： Omicron wave   paediatric patients   clinical characteristics   febrile convulsions   multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)  

摘要： ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the clinical findings of hospitalized paediatric COVID-19 patients by the end of *** confirmed children with COVID-19 infection admitted into Chaozhou Central Hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak from 19 December 2022 to 1 February 2023 were included. Detailed clinical data of those children were evaluated *** total of 286 children, ranging in age from 1 month to 13 years old, were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among these cases, 138 (48.3%) were categorized as mild, 126 (44.0%) as moderate and 22 (7.7%) as severe/critical. Symptoms varied among the children and included fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, convulsions, sore throat, poor appetite, dyspnoea and gastrointestinal symptoms. Notably, febrile convulsions were observed in 96 (33.6%) patients, while acute laryngitis was documented in 50 (17.5%) cases. Among the severe/critical patients, eight developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and tragically, one patient's condition worsened and resulted in death. Furthermore, MRI scans revealed abnormal brain signals in six severe/critical patients. The severe/critical group also exhibited more pronounced laboratory abnormalities, including decreased haemoglobin and elevated ALT, AST, LDH and CK *** convulsions and acute laryngitis are frequently observed in children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Moreover, MIS-C and abnormal neuroimaging appear to be relatively common phenomena in severe/critical cases.

关键词： COVID-19   national strategy   Sweden   health   human rights   media debate   discourse  

摘要： PurposeThe aim of this study is to, in the Swedish media debate, explore the discursive constructions of challenges in human rights and freedoms following the national spatial strategy for health and survival during the COVID-19 *** study, inspired by a critical discourse analytic approach, focused particularly on the issues addressed, subject positions, relations and rhetoric. Seventeen opinion articles published in Swedish national newspapers December 2019 - February 2022 were *** main contents were threats to democracy, threats to the freedom and rights of specific groups, and threats to the debate itself. Contents were expressed through three discourse dichotomies: contribution vs interjection, documented vs alarmistic, and active on the stage vs commenting from the *** about the results is the absence of dialogue, the one-way communication, and the absent politicians. It seems that the analysed debate on the challenges of the Swedish COVID-19 pandemic strategy, based on its impact on overall freedoms and rights, has not been the focus of decision-makers during the pandemic. They have neither addressed the threats highlighted in the articles, nor contributed to the discourse. This is worrying for the long-term maintenance and development of a healthy democracy.

关键词： Vaccine   COVID-19   discourse   China   biopower  

摘要： Using online discourse-centred ethnography and focus group discussions, this paper explores evolving discourses of COVID-19 vaccination in China and corresponding public responded. In addition to the state's intensive control of COVID-19 outbreaks, China initiated independent research and the development of vaccines from the spring of 2020. In line with the state's emphasis on success in controlling the outbreaks, government propaganda aimed to shape and disseminate successful images of the vaccines developed. Correspondingly, the public showed a supportive attitude when the first two domestically produced vaccines received Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) by China's authorities. In contrast, vaccine hesitancy emerged when the government claimed its initial success in pandemic control and tried to communicate the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. Importantly, COVID-19 outbreaks have never disappeared in China. As new domestic outbreaks emerged and the administration started to promote vaccination more vigorously, more people were forced to accept vaccination. When the government endowed vaccine discourse with the responsibility of protecting the general population's health, the implementation of the vaccination programme became even more constraining. This paper examines empirical data on the government's and individuals' discursive practices through a focus on subjectivity as part of China's biopolitical governance of COVID-19 which presents vaccination as an individual 'technology of the self'. In this complex context of top-down governance, I analyse how the exercise of biopower and a sense of governance emerged and changed during China's efforts at COVID-19 control.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccines   vaccination   acceptance   Middle East   HESITANCY  

摘要： Introduction: Widespread use of effective and safe vaccines is the most promising method to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the acceptance level of COVID-19 vaccination among the general population in six Middle East countries (Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Tunisia, Sudan, and Yemen) as well as to assess factors associated with acceptance or refusal of ***: A cross-sectional multinational study was conducted during the period from May 20 to August 8 2021. A web-based, self-administered, Google form Arabic questionnaire was used after a pilot study using 30 ***: The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 62.9%. The highest rate was reported among Tunisians (70%), while the lowest rate was detected among Egyptians (54.4%) and Yemenis (49%). Fear of side effects of vaccination was the main barrier to vaccination (53.1%). Meanwhile, nearly three-fifths (57.7%) of the respondents reported that vaccination would reduce the risk of infection. Logistic regression analysis stated that age >40 years, having children, being Health-Care Workers (HCWs), had higher education and higher income levels, and administering influenza vaccination were significant predictors of vaccine acceptance, as well as Jordanians, Palestinians, and Sudanese had higher probabilities of vaccine acceptance than Egyptians and ***: The acceptance rate was moderate. Fear of vaccine side effects and lack of receiving appropriate information were reported as barriers to vaccination. It is important to improve vaccine acceptance and reduce the barriers to COVID-19 vaccination.

关键词： COVID-19   Roma   polymorphism   ethnicity   SARS-COV-2 INFECTION   RISK   CCR5-DELTA-32   LZTFL1   GYPSY  

摘要： Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent COVID-19 has spread world-wide and become pandemic with about 7 million deaths reported so far. Interethnic variability of the disease has been described, but a significant part of the differences remain unexplained and may be attributable to genetic factors. Aim: To analyse genetic factors potentially influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in European Roma minority. Subjects and methods: Two genetic determinants, within OAS-1 (2-prime,5-prime-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, a key protein in the defence against viral infection; it activates RNases that degrade viral RNAs; rs4767027 has been analysed) and LZTFL1 (leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1, expressed in the lung respiratory epithelium; rs35044562 has been analysed) genes were screened in a population-sample of Czech Roma (N = 302) and majority population (N = 2,559). Results: For both polymorphisms, Roma subjects were more likely carriers of at least one risky allele for both rs4767027-C (p < 0.001) and rs35044562-G (p < 0.00001) polymorphism. There were only 5.3% Roma subjects without at least one risky allele in comparison with 10.1% in the majority population (p < 0.01). Conclusions: It is possible that different genetic background plays an important role in increased prevalence of COVID-19 in the Roma minority.

关键词： Tourism crisis management   systematic literature review   covid-19 pandemic   Kaitano Dube, Ecotourism Management, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa   History of Tourism   The Tourism Industry   Tourism and the Environment   Tourism Development/Impacts   Tourism Geography   Tourism Management   Tourism Marketing   Tourism Planning and Policy   Tourism Research Methods   RESILIENCE   DISASTER   RISK   FRAMEWORK   TRANSFORMATION   DETERMINANTS   PREPAREDNESS   GOVERNANCE   INNOVATION   TERRORISM  

摘要： COVID-19 has caused severe economic crises, unemployment, and disruptions to the global tourism industry. This study aims to establish the current body of knowledge on crisis management in tourism published from to 2001-2021, with the objective of providing research avenues on how to manage crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The study shows that crisis management in tourism is based on the survival strategies of the tourism subsectors in Europe, Asia, the USA, and Australia. A universal approach is limited, indicating the immaturity of the research in this area. There is a need to expand the analysis including approaches in Africa and strategies of the tourism subsectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This knowledge of the local tourism subsectors that focus need to be put upon are limited. The literature is fragmented, lacks precision, and is a common approach that the tourism industry should follow during uncertain situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The absence of a theoretical framework on crisis management that is inclusive of what tourism could rely on during such situations is a concern. This study contributes to the framework that tourism researchers, policymakers, and practitioners could rely upon when dealing with crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has caused severe economic crisis, unemployment, and disruptions for the tourism industry globally. This study aims to establish the current body of knowledge on crisis management in tourism published from 2001-2021, with objective to provide research avenues on how to manage crisis such as the COVID-19 *** study shows that crisis management in the tourism is based on survival strategies of the tourism subsectors in the context of Europe, Asia, USA, and Australia. A universal approach is limited, indicating the immaturity of research in the area. There is need to expand the analysis including approaches in Africa and strategies of tourism subsectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thi

关键词： Seroprevalence   varicella zoster virus   population   SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY   EPIDEMIOLOGY   INFECTIONS   INDIA  

摘要： As of 2024, Thailand has not incorporated the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). This study aimed to evaluate VZV seroprevalence across all age groups in Chonburi Province, Thailand, during the post-COVID-19 era, and to support the development of a vaccination plan against VZV. A total of 950 participants were enrolled from October 2022 to January 2023. VZV antibody levels were measured using ELISA kits (EUROIMMUN, L & uuml;beck, Germany), with seropositivity set at >= 110 IU/L. The overall VZV seropositivity rate was 64.8%, similar to rates in 1994 and 2014. However, seropositivity rates for the 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 age groups were significantly higher in the 1994 study, and for the 10-14 and 15-19 age groups in the 2014 study, indicating a declining trend among young Thai individuals. The seropositivity rate increased with age, with a seroprevalence exceeding 80% in individuals aged 30 years and older. Our study found a significant association between the history of varicella and seropositivity. Thus, a positive history may indicate immunity. In conclusion, a significant portion of Thai adolescents are still vulnerable to varicella, highlighting the crucial role of vaccination in averting serious illness.

关键词： New generation   behavioral intention   virtual reality (VR)   VR satisfaction   Huifen (Helen) Cai, Middlesex University Business School, United Kingdom   Tourism Behaviour   Tourism Marketing   VIRTUAL-REALITY   TECHNOLOGY   TRAVEL   SATISFACTION   ATTITUDE   INTERACTIVITY   EXPERIENCES   ENGAGEMENT   BUSINESS   ONLINE  

摘要： This study aims to investigate the new generation's behavior, influencing VR satisfaction and behavioral intention toward destinations. To this end, this paper investigated whether subjective norms, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and VR satisfaction of the new generation positively impacted the behavioral intention to visit actual destinations. A convenient sampling method was used to collect data from students via an online survey by many universities in Thailand. The sample has been classified as people who used VR applications for tourism earlier answering the survey. The results revealed that attitude and perceived behavioral control had a positive and significant influence on VR satisfaction and an indirect effect on behavioral intentions. Moreover, VR satisfaction positively and significantly influenced behavioral intentions toward actual destinations. This study empirically investigates the influence of virtual reality on the new generation's behavior by using VR applications and other devices to access destinations. However, the results are valuable insight for destination marketing organizations to enhance the sophisticated technology that develops sites for new generations of tourism destinations. The current study provides specific theoretical and practical implications for further study. This article applied the theory of plan behavior to investigate the virtual reality satisfaction in tourism destinations that influences behavioral intention to visit the actual tourism destinations. The highlight of this article is to test the new generation who use virtual reality applications, particularly utilizing the VR application for hospitality and tourism destinations. The research method applied confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the empirical model in order to find the behavioral intentions of the new generation toward the hospitality and tourism context. The analysis process employed showed that attitude, pe