关键词： Worry   rumination   COVID-19   purchasing   compliance   coping   Daryl O'Connor, University of Leeds, United Kingdom   Introductory Psychology   General Psychology   Cognitive Psychology   Environmental Psychology   Health Psychology   Social Psychology   Psychological Science   PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT   DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS   WORRY   RUMINATION   ASSOCIATIONS   SUBTYPES   ANXIETY   STRESS  

摘要： ObjectiveThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic engendered a host of different behavioral responses in key areas such as resource purchasing and compliance with COVID regulations. This study explores why participation in these behaviors may have varied by examining the role of perseverative cognition (i.e., worry, rumination).MethodA representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 230, Mage = 45.4, 50% female) was recruited online early in the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020), approximately three months into safety-related school and business shutdowns. Participants completed a series of questionnaires on COVID-19-related worry, non-specific rumination, and a range of behaviors observed during the early stages of the pandemic (e.g., excessive shopping, purchasing guns, following isolation guidelines). Exploratory principal axis factoring and reliability studies of the newly created COVID-19 worry and behavior scales were performed, followed by an examination of the associations between worrying, ruminating and COVID-19-related early ***-related worry and reflective rumination were positively associated with purchasing behavior (i.e., purchasing household items, items for security, and items for entertainment). COVID-related worry was also positively associated with compliance behavior (i.e., watching the news, following government directives strictly, and staying home but contacting family and friends remotely). Brooding rumination was not significantly associated with either type of *** cognition can help explain patterns in COVID-related behaviors, what motivated differences in these behaviors and, thereby, help explain how people coped during this trying time.

关键词： Pertussis   sero-epidemiology   vaccine   factors  

关键词： Self-employed   Canada   Sweden   resilience   well-being   COVID-19   financial support   CRISIS  

摘要： Globally, self-employed people were among the hardest hit by the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and faced hardships such as financial decline, restrictions, and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures were rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effect of the policy measures on self-employed people. To understand how different governmental financial support measures enhanced the resilience of the self-employed and improved their ability to manage the pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study using policy analysis and semi-structured interviews. The documents described policies addressing governmental financial support in Sweden and Canada during the pandemic, and the interviews were conducted with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people to explore how they experienced the support measures in relation to their resilience. The key results were that self-employed people in both countries who were unable to telework were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions, and lockdowns. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with the support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people experiencing difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, negatively affecting their business survival.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   covid-19   respiratory tract infection   primary care   prediction   FATIGUE  

摘要： Background: Despite considerable research into COVID-19 sequelae, little is known about differences in illness duration and complications in patients presenting in primary care with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) that are and are not attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective: To explore whether aetiology impacted course of illness and prediction of complications in patients presenting in primary care with symptoms of RTI early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between April 2020-March 2021 general practitioners from nine European countries recruited consecutively contacting patients with RTI symptoms. At baseline, an oropharyngeal-nasal swab was obtained for aetiology determination using PCR after follow-up of 28 days. Time to self-reported recovery was analysed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Predictors (baseline variables of demographics, patient and disease characteristics) of a complicated course (composite of hospital admission and persisting signs/symptoms at 28 days follow-up) were explored with logistic regression modelling. Results: Of 855 patients with RTI symptoms, 237 (27.7%) tested SARS-CoV-2 positive. The proportion not feeling fully recovered (15.6% vs 18.1%, p = 0.39), reporting being extremely tired (9.7% vs 12.8%, p = 0.21), and not having returned to usual daily activities (18.1% vs 14.4%, p = 0.18) at day 28 were comparable between SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 237) and negative (n = 618) groups. However, among those feeling fully recovered (SARS-CoV-2 positive: 200 patients, SARS-CoV-2 negative: 506 patients), time to full recovery was significantly longer in SARS-CoV-2 patients (10.6 vs 7.7 days, p < 0.001). We found no evidence that predictors of a complicated course differed between groups (p = 0.07). Conclusion: Early in the pandemic, the proportion of patients not feeling fully recovered by 28 days was similar between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients presenting in primary care with RTI symptoms, but it took somewhat

关键词： COVID-19   BNT162b2 vaccine   population size   socioeconomics ranking   MORTALITY   QUALITY  

摘要： Numerous studies have attempted to identify potential risk-factors associated with COVID-19 infection, including inter alia: age, diet, higher population density, and the quality and availability of health services. The objective of the current study is to analyze the weight of four covariates on a daily infection rate from SARS-COV2 virus. The method used is regression analysis, where each variable is converted to the standard normal distribution function. Results demonstrate that of the four investigated covariates, vaccination and population size have the highest weights. Given the empirical analysis, the most efficient way to achieve a reduction in the spread of the pandemic is via appropriate vaccination programs.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine   influenza vaccine   combined use   long COVID   Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe  

摘要： The potential impact of combined COVID-19 and influenza vaccination on long COVID remains uncertain. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the plausible association between them in middle-aged and older Europeans based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A total of 1910 participants were recruited in the analyses. The study outcome was long COVID. Participants were divided into 4 groups through the self-reported status of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. 1397 participants experienced long COVID. After multivariable adjustment, those vaccinated with neither COVID-19 nor influenza vaccine had higher risk of long COVID (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.26-2.35) compared to those vaccinated with both vaccines. Furthermore, adding the 4 statuses of COVID-19 vaccination/influenza vaccination to conventional risk model improved risk reclassification for long COVID (continuous net reclassification improvement was 16.26% [p = .003], and integrated discrimination improvement was 0.51% [p = .005]). No heterogeneity was found in the subgroup analyses (all p-interaction >= 0.05). Our study might provide a strategy for people aged 50 and over to reduce the occurrence of long COVID, that is, to combine the use of the COVID-19 vaccine and influenza vaccines.

关键词： New normal   changes   best practices   startups   Brazil   Eric Liguori, Florida State University, United States   Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management   Marketing   Strategic   Management   Business   Management and Accounting   INNOVATION  

摘要： Brazil is the largest country in terms of startups in Latin America. Minas Gerais state occupies the third position in the number of startups and Uberlandia is the second largest city in Minas Gerais, behind only the capital. Regarding the size of Brazilian startups, around 90% are small and medium-sized companies. Considering that the service sector is the second largest among small businesses, this study aimed to analyze whether there have been changes caused by the pandemic in small and medium-sized service startups located in Uberlandia city. Specific objectives were: to verify whether there have been changes in the business structure and practical activities of early-stage service startups in the face of the economic crisis caused by the pandemic; and to identify and describe best practices of the companies studied in order to propose improvements and assist in the decision-making of other organizations. We developed a qualitative descriptive multiple case study with nine technology-based service startups in Uberlandia. We used structured interviews with the companies' founders and analyzed data using content analysis. This study contributes to the academic field by identifying seven categories related to the changes caused by the pandemic in small and medium-sized service startups. This data provides areas and themes for future research in the sector. In addition, the study proposes a synthesis of managers' experiences in relation to the best practices carried out in their companies and their relationship with decision-making.

关键词： Attitudes   awareness   community pharmacists   drive-thru community pharmacy service   COVID-19   Malaysia   BARRIERS  

摘要： Introduction:Drive-thru services are not given sufficient focus in the community pharmacy setting which was highlighted during COVID-19, particularly in Malaysia. This study aimed to explore the community pharmacists' perspectives regarding drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19 in ***:In-depth online semi-structured individual interviews were conducted among 25 community pharmacists working in Malaysia. All interviews were conducted between March 2022 and May 2022 and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and then analysed by thematic ***:Thematic analysis yielded seven major themes, 1-familiarity with drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19, 2-willingness toward this service during COVID-19, 3-perceived benefits toward drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19, 4-perceived disadvantages toward this service, 5-barriers toward drive-thru community pharmacy service, 6-factors affecting the preference toward this service, and 7-facilitators to drive-thru community pharmacy service. Enhancing social distancing and preventing the spread of COVID-19 were the major perceived benefits of this service during COVID-19 as reported by ***:Overall, community pharmacists reported positive attitudes toward drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19. However, concerns about poor communication between the pharmacist and the patient, limited counselling, and dispensing errors were acknowledged. These concerns would need to be addressed to improve the provision of drive-thru community pharmacy service.

关键词： Socioeconomic development   Wumeng Mountain area   COVID-19 pandemic   trend analysis   land use/land cover   POVERTY ALLEVIATION   CHINA   DYNAMICS  

摘要： Assessing the socioeconomic development of rural areas is important for the targeted implementation of rural revitalization in China, especially after three years of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. However, the influence of COVID-19 on socioeconomic development in rural areas remains unclear. Therefore, this paper constructed a comprehensive socioeconomic development index (SEDI) by considering county-level statistics on natural environment, social resources, and economy as proxies for assessing local socioeconomic development, and analyzed the influence of COVID-19 from the changing pattern of SEDI before and after COVID-19, with Wumeng Mountain (WM) area as the study case. In response to the absence and untimeliness of statistics, we employed both nighttime light (NTL) and land use/land cover (LULC) features to fill in these missing SEDIs from 2013 to 2022, using random forest regression. With the assistance of LULC, the overall R2 increased from 0.7763 to 0.9056, and the estimation accuracy improved in 36 out of 38 counties. All counties in WM experienced an increase in SEDI, and the growth rate did not slow down, proving the effective implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Also, the spatial clustering pattern remained relatively stable. These findings provide scientific foundations for the local government to assess comprehensive development and formulate policies.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine   vaccine hesitancy   prediction model   cross-sectional study   HESITANCY  

摘要： It was common to see that older adults were reluctant to be vaccinated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. There is a lack of practical prediction models to guide COVID-19 vaccination program. A nationwide, self-reported, cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2022 to November 2022, including people aged 60 years or older. Stratified random sampling was used to divide the dataset into derivation, validation, and test datasets at a ratio of 6:2:2. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable logistic regression were used for variable screening and model construction. Discrimination and calibration were assessed primarily by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve. A total of 35057 samples (53.65% males and mean age of 69.64 +/- 7.24 years) were finally selected, which constitutes 93.73% of the valid samples. From 33 potential predictors, 19 variables were screened and included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The mean AUC in the validation dataset was 0.802, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.732, 0.718 and 0.729 respectively, which were similar to the parameters in the test dataset of 0.755, 0.715 and 0.720, respectively, and the mean AUC in the test dataset was 0.815. There were no significant differences between the model predicted values and the actual observed values for calibration in these groups. The prediction model based on self-reported characteristics of older adults was developed that could be useful for predicting the willingness for COVID-19 vaccines, as well as providing recommendations in improving vaccine acceptance.