关键词： Long COVID   SARS-CoV-2   PASC   California   Public health   Long COVID-19   Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection  

摘要： Background : More than four years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding of SARS-CoV-2 burden and post-acute sequela of COVID (PASC), or long COVID, continues to evolve. However, prevalence estimates are disparate and uncertain. Leveraging survey responses from a large serosurveillance study, we assess prevalence estimates using five different long COVID definitions among California residents. Methods : The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) conducted a cross-sectional survey that included questions about acute COVID-19 infection and recovery. A random selection of California households was invited to participate in a survey that included demographic information, clinical symptoms, and COVID-19 vaccination history. We assessed prevalence and predictors of long COVID among those previously testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 across different definitions using logistic regression. Findings : A total of 2883 participants were included in this analysis; the majority identified as female (62.5 %), and the median age was 39 years (interquartile range: 17–55 years). We found a significant difference in long COVID prevalence across definitions with the highest prevalence observed when participants were asked about incomplete recovery (20.9 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 19.4–22.5) and the lowest prevalence was associated with severe long COVID affecting an estimated 4.9 % (95 % CI 4.1–5.7) of the participant population. Individuals that completed the primary vaccination series had significantly lower prevalence of long COVID compared to those that did not receive COVID vaccination. Interpretation : There were significant differences in the estimated prevalence of long COVID across different definitions. People who experience a severe initial COVID-19 infection should be considered at a higher probability for developing long COVID. Funding : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity.

摘要： Background Minoritized communities in the United States have had higher COVID-19 mortality and lower vaccine uptake. The influence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, initial disease severity, and persistent symptoms on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Black and Latinx communities has not been examined. Objective To investigate whether initial COVID-19 severity, persistent symptoms, and other correlates affected vaccine uptake in a predominantly minoritized cohort hospitalized for COVID-19 during the early pandemic in New York City. Design In this historical cohort study, we abstracted electronic health record data on demographics, comorbidities, hospital oxygen requirements, symptoms at 3 and 6 months post-admission, COVID-19 vaccinations through November 2022, and influenza vaccinations during the 2018–2019 through 2021–2022 seasons. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated through logistic regression analyses of correlates of COVID-19 vaccination, on-time vaccination, and boosting. Participants Survivors among the first 1186 adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between March 1 and April 8, 2020 at a large quaternary care medical center in Northern Manhattan. Main Measures Uptake of at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, uptake of at least one booster, and on-time vaccination. Key Results The 890 surviving individuals were predominantly Latinx (54%) and Non-Hispanic Black (15%). Most had one or more comorbidities (67%), and received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose (78%). Among those vaccinated, 57% received at least one booster, and 31% delayed vaccination. 67% experienced persistent symptoms. Multiple logistic regression showed no association between vaccine uptake and disease severity or symptom persistence. However, older age and influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 era were associated with increased vaccination, booster uptake, and on-time vaccination. Conclusions Pinpointing drivers of vaccine uptake and hesitancy is critical to increasing and sust

摘要： Objectives Although influenza and COVID vaccines are recommended for healthcare workers (HCWs), vaccine coverage is sub-optimal for influenza in this population, and the situation did not improve during the COVID pandemic. We aimed to estimate influenza and COVID vaccine coverage among HCWs and their determinants after the COVID pandemic. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study between May and July 2023 among HCWs to estimate influenza and COVID vaccination coverage during the 2022–2023 season, and its determinants, using a web-based anonymous questionnaire. We performed a multivariable regression analysis to assess factors associated with vaccine uptake. Results Of the 9158 HCWs invited to participate, 1587 (16 %) completed the questionnaire, primarily paramedics ( n  = 479, 30 %), medics ( n  = 310, 20 %), administrative staff ( n  = 249, 16 %), and nurse assistants ( n  = 237, 15 %). Vaccine coverage during the 2022–2023 season was estimated at 64 % [CI95 % 61–66] for influenza, and 42 % [CI95% 39-44] for COVID. Vaccinated HCWs reported adverse events rates of 8 % ( n  = 122) after influenza, and 37 % ( n  = 579) after COVID vaccines. On multivariable analysis, being a medic or over 40 years old was associated with both influenza and COVID vaccine uptake. Suggested interventions to boost vaccine uptake were primarily to facilitate access to vaccination in the workplace, and to better inform HCWs on the risks and benefits of these vaccines. Conclusions Easy access to COVID and influenza vaccines in the workplace, and better information about their benefits, may improve their uptake. Future vaccination campaigns should communicate more about potential adverse effects, and effectiveness.

关键词： Disaster recovery curve   Psychological response in disasters   Mental health support systems   Stress response in emergencies   Acute stress response   Earthquake early warning   Pandemic mental health effects  

摘要： The prevalence of mental health problems constitutes an open challenge for modern societies, particularly for low and middle-income countries with wide gaps in mental health support. With this in mind, five datasets were analyzed to track mental health trends in Mexico City during the pandemic's first year. This included 33,234 responses to an online mental health risk questionnaire, 349,202 emergency calls, and city epidemiological, mobility, and online trend data. The COVID-19 mental health risk questionnaire collects information on socioeconomic status, health conditions, bereavement, lockdown status, and symptoms of acute stress, sadness, avoidance, distancing, anger, and anxiety, along with binge drinking and abuse experiences. The lifeline service dataset includes daily call statistics, such as total, connected, and abandoned calls, average quit time, wait time, and call duration. Epidemiological, mobility, and trend data provide a daily overview of the city's situation. The integration of the datasets, as well as the preprocessing, optimization, and machine learning algorithms applied to them, evidence the usefulness of a combined analytic approach and the high reuse potential of the data set, particularly as a machine learning training set for evaluating and predicting anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as general psychological support needs and possible system loads.

关键词： Endotracheal intubation   COVID-19   Face-shield   Goggles   Emergency  

摘要： Background The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated use of barrier devices, such as goggles and face shields, during endotracheal intubation procedures to protect healthcare professionals. While there is existing research on the efficacy of these devices in simulated environments, there is a lack of published studies comparing their utility in real COVID-19 cases. This randomized crossover study aimed to compare the performance of face shields and goggles during endotracheal intubation in actual COVID-19 cases. Methods The study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India with registration no. CTRI/2022/07/044114 and was conducted at a tertiary care hospital emergency Operartion theatres (OTs) from May 2022 till March 2023. Experienced airway management professionals participated in the study, with a sample size of 128 participants: using either face shields (Group F) or goggles (Group G). The participants performed intubation attempts using both face shields and goggles in a crossover manner. Subgroups were formed based on whether participants wore medically prescribed spectacles or not. The numerical variables were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test/Unpaired t- test. The categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square test/Fischer exact-test. Results The overall intubation time was significantly shorter in face shield group (12.75 ± 1.84 s) compared to the goggles group (14.30 ± 1.96 s) ( P  < 0.005). Additionally, the time taken for endotracheal tube insertion into the glottis was significantly shorter in the face shield group (3.52 ± 1.22 s) compared to the goggles group (4.26 ± 1.37 s) ( P < 0.005). Participants rated the vision and clarity higher in the face shield group ( P  < 0.001). However, they found face shields to be more claustrophobic compared to goggles (P < 0.001). Conclusion The study concludes that face shields may offer benefits in terms of faster intubation times, improved vision and clarity, better ergonomics and also more suited for healt

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted people's lifestyles. Camping, as an outdoor activity, has become increasingly popular in urban China, especially during the pandemic. However, existing literature lacks the recognition of changes in the psychological aspects of camping at various stages of health crises. This study developed a comprehensive model to explore the connections between constraints, motivations, satisfaction, and subjective well-being in camping experiences at different stages of COVID-19 pandemic. A two-wave tracking survey was collected in May 2022 during the COVID-19 period, and April 2023 in the post-COVID-19 period. The findings indicate that travelers faced fewer constraints after the health crisis, with their satisfaction levels less affected by these constraints. Travel motivations, however, did not show significant changes. It is worth noting that while camping satisfaction continued to positively impact subjective well-being, its influence notably decreased after the health crisis. This research illuminates the evolving relationship between antecedents and consequences of camping throughout different stages of health crises, providing insights for enhancing camping product and experience design, as well as campground planning and management. Management implications This pioneering study examines camping in nearby natural settings across different phases of COVID-19, elucidating differences in well-being outcomes and factors influencing camping experiences. Findings offers invaluable insights into current practices and management strategies related to camping. Campsite managers need to pay attention to the psychological processes of campers at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, governments and service providers can tailor products and services based on tourists' evolving needs and psychological changes.

关键词： COVID-19   Vaccination   Endorsements   Pakistan, vaccine hesitancy  

摘要： Background While low- and middle-income countries continue to struggle to secure adequate COVID-19 vaccine supply, a potentially greater challenge is to induce adequate demand to overcome widespread vaccine hesitancy; vaccination uptake has historically been a contentious political issue in Pakistan. High-level endorsements by trusted actors are one way to potentially increase public vaccine confidence. Methods: Employing a four-armed randomized trial with 2026 participants in June 2021, we examine whether endorsements by different actors (Prime Minister, prominent religious leader, doctors) influenced participants’ willingness to register for the COVID-19 vaccine. Results We find high levels of vaccine hesitancy with nearly 35% of participants reporting that they do not intend to vaccinate against COVID-19. Endorsements failed to influence participants' desire to register for vaccination, and only 37 % agreed to register on spot. However, we find that higher trust in government, male gender, and higher income/wealth were associated with participants' willingness to register. A follow-up phone survey was consistent with the main results. Discussion Our study finds that endorsements appear to have little effect on people’s immediate willingness to register for vaccination. Our findings suggest messaging on its own may be insufficient to overcome widespread social and structural barriers to vaccine uptake.

摘要： This research explores the effect of COVID-19 on global investor attention using data from G7 and G20 countries. We take the numbers of COVID-19 new confirmed cases and deaths to measure the level of COVID-19. The empirical findings show that COVID-19 new cases and deaths significantly positively correlate to (abnormal) investor attention, especially for G7 countries, but we only see a significantly positive correlation in a few G20 countries. We further consider the effect of COVID-19 variants and vaccination rate on such a correlation and present that its effect on global investor attention is more pronounced during the Alpha variant and Delta variant waves. Finally, we provide evidence when vaccination rates are higher that the positive COVID-19 and global investor attention nexus weakens.

摘要： Objective This study aimed to investigate the onset and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in undergraduate students from the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Johannesburg during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was an explorative cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of 106 Faculty of Health Sciences students recruited through 4 departments. The study was conducted through Google Forms and made use of a questionnaire that was adapted from 2 existing questionnaires, namely “Physical Activity and Sedentary Lifestyle in University Students: Changes During Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic” and “Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire (MSK-HQ).” Variables that were tested included dietary changes, habitual and activity changes, perceived MSK health before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 restrictions, and the development and regional distribution of MSD. Data were analyzed using frequency tables for single-response questions, custom tables for multiple responses and Likert-type questions, summary statistics to analyze continuous variables, and paired samples t tests to analyze statistically significant differences in MSK health before and during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. Results Prior to the implementation of the institutional academic restrictions, 33.0% of respondents reported having no MSD, while 67.0% reported already having had an MSD present. The prevalence of new MSD in descending order by region were back (78.3%), neck (71.7%), head (41.5%), lower limb (27.4%), pelvis and perineum (20.8%), thorax/chest (12.3%), abdomen (12.3%), and upper limb (11.3%). Of these new-onset MSD, 11.3% were induced by physical trauma, while 76.4% were not from any form of physical trauma. Of the 106 participants, 28 stated that their MSK health deteriorated over the 2 compared points in time, 18 remained unchanged, and 60 showed improvement in MSK health. Conclusion Our findings suggest that even though students had MSD before the pandemic lo

关键词： Lebanon   Syria refugees   Women   Informal sector   Close-to-community providers   COVID-19  

摘要： Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, Close-to-Community (CTC) healthcare providers emerged to compensate for the lack of healthcare workers in areas with high concentrations of Syrian refugees. Gender norms and power relations shaped the experiences of those CTC providers. Methodology A qualitative study explored the lived experiences of men and women CTC providers in Beqaa - Lebanon. It examined their gendered experiences during the COVID-19 response using in-depth interviews with informal CTC providers who are members of the Syrian refugee community themselves, and key informant interviews with their managers. Thematic data analysis and synthesis were guided by gender analysis frameworks and supported by NVivo 12. Results CTC providers faced many challenges in their work including illegal work, absence of benefits, high workload, insufficient income, transportation challenges, disturbances in family life, and social isolation. Working illegally as refugees led to underpayment and absence of benefits. Gender norms and power dynamics significantly influenced the experiences of these CTC providers. Women CTC providers faced increased workload, lower payment, limited opportunities for extra hours, the pressure of juggling work and family life, transport challenges, psychological distress and lack of support from their organizations. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on how gender shapes vulnerabilities within the healthcare response. Women and men informal CTC providers experienced different challenges providing healthcare services for their communities during the COVID-19 response. There is a need to address the vulnerabilities for women CTC providers and develop and implement practical interventions to address them.