关键词： COVID-19 vaccination   Chronic multimobidity   Long COVID   Cross-sectional study   Interaction   RETIREMENT   HEALTH  

摘要： Background and aims: We aimed to explore the association between coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination and long COVID according to the status of chronic multimobidity. Methods: A total of 1913 participants were recruited in the cross-sectional study on the basis of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe. COVID-19 vaccination was defined as vaccination within the last 12 months. Chronic multimorbidity was defined as history of 2 + chronic disease. The study outcome was long COVID during the 12-month follow-up. Multivariable logistic models were performed to estimate the influence of chronic multimorbidity on the association of vaccination with long COVID. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were calculated. Results: Chronic multimorbidity significantly modified the association of COVID-19 vaccination with long COVID ( P interaction = 0.024). The rates of study outcome were significantly lower among vaccinated participants in the chronic multimorbidity subgroup, but not in the other subgroup. Multivariable odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of study outcome for unvaccination vs. vaccination were 1.494 (1.013 -2.203) in those with multimorbidity and 0.915 (0.654 -1.280) in those without multimorbidity, respectively. Adding COVID-19 vaccination to a model containing conventional risk factors significantly improved risk reclassification for study outcome among those with chronic multimobidity (continuous NRI was 25.39 % [ P = 0.002] and IDI was 0.42 % [ P = 0.075]) Conclusion: An inverse association of COVID-19 vaccination with long COVID was found among participants with chronic multimorbidity, but not among those without chronic multimorbidity. Chronic multimorbidity might expand the influence of unvaccination on developing long COVID among European aged >= 50 years.

关键词： COVID-19   COVID-19 vaccines   Transients and migrants   Health services accessibility   Latin America   HEALTH  

摘要： Vaccination against COVID-19 is an essential public health tool for pandemic control. Inclusion of migrants in COVID-19 vaccination is not only ethically necessary from a right-to-health perspective but also technically indispensable for disease control. This study aimed to characterize the inclusion of international migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in COVID-19 vaccination policies in Latin American countries that have the greatest recent increase in the reception of migrants. We conducted a content analysis of public policy documents issued between March 11, 2020, and June 30, 2022 by the Ministries of Health of seven countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. Documents were located through Ministries of Health web pages, references in scientific literature, and the Pan American Health Organization's Information Platform on Health and Migration in the Americas. A content analysis was performed of the documents that were located, along six dimensions: migrants' right to vaccination, temporality of vaccination, administrative discretion, policies to facilitate access, language or cultural considerations, and normative, ethical or technical justifications provided. Eighty-six public policy documents were reviewed. Their contents showed that none of the countries explicitly excluded migrants from vaccination, nor did they explicitly define restrictions on this population. One barrier that was detected was to require identity documents in order to be vaccinated or to receive a vaccination certificate, which could be difficult for migrants to obtain. Few countries defined actions to facilitate or promote the vaccination of migrants. The documents that mentioned justifications for vaccinating migrants presented reasons that were mainly based on the recognition of the right to health, the principle of non-discrimination and equity. The countries studied generally had inclusive policies but were limited in terms of dealing with potential

关键词： COVID-19   Outcome   Pre-existing respiratory disease  

关键词： COVID-19   healthcare expenditures   households   Mexico   DEMAND  

摘要： Objective: This study aimed to analyze the changes in the health expenditure of households in Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic to approximate changes in healthcare that can lead to difficulties in detecting noncommunicable diseases, among others. Methods: We compare health spending before and after the pandemic through various estimators using multivariate linear regression models at the household level. We also explore heterogeneous effects by zone, sex, and household composition by age. We explore potential mechanisms of change estimating probit models of healthcare. We use microdata from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 and COVID-19. Results: The results suggest a significant reduction in health spending, mainly referring to oral health, clinical analysis, and medical studies. Moreover, differences arise by type of area and household age profile. Changes are more significant among families with children younger than 12 years and households situated in urban areas. Regarding the mechanisms, the results suggest that the lower spending is not due to fewer health needs but rather due to less healthcare attention. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant and heterogeneous impact on household health spending. This lower spending could lead to less detection of noncommunicable diseases, translating into more pressure on the health system in the medium and long term.

关键词： Sport management   Sport management education   Higher education   Co-creation   Sport ecosystem logic   COVID-19   INTERVIEW  

摘要： This paper aims to provide guidance for the redesign of sport management education postpandemic, by gathering insights from various stakeholders within the sport ecosystem, using Thailand as a case study. Twenty-four key informants from different sectors of the sport ecosystem were invited for in-depth interviews. The findings, derived from a concurrent analysis of reflexive thematic and narrative elements, identified four subthemes related to the redesign of sport management education post-pandemic. Data from multiple stakeholders revealed that key considerations for reshaping future sport management education include connecting stakeholders, equipping students with essential skills, developing lecturers, and adjusting curriculum components.

关键词： SEIARM-COVID-19 model   Epidemic models   First integrals   Artificial Hamiltonian   Lie symmetries   SIR MODEL  

摘要： In this study, the analytical, integrability, and dynamical properties of an epidemic COVID-19 model called SEIARM, a six-dimensional coupled nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations from the mathematical point of view, are investigated by the artificial Hamiltonian method based on Lie symmetry groups. By constraining some constraint relations for the model parameters using this method, Lie symmetries, first integrals, and analytical solutions of the model are studied. By examining key factors like how many people are susceptible, infected, or recovered, we unveil hidden patterns and "constraints"within the model. These "constraints"show us how the virus might spread under different conditions, especially when a crucial number called Psi is between 0 and 1, providing valuable insights into the potential spread of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of control measures. The analytical solutions and their graphical representations for some real values of model parameters obtained from China during the pandemic period are also provided.

关键词： COVID-19 impacts   migrant labor   access to land   remittances   smallholder farming   land as safety net   LABOR MIGRATION   LIVELIHOOD  

摘要： In addition to its impacts in terms of illness and death, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant socioeconomic hardship in Myanmar as it did around the world. How land was implicated in how people coped with this hardship remains poorly understood. Other pre-pandemic studies in the region have found that rural communities and land provide a safety net for migrants engaged in precarious work, to which they can return in times of crises; it is partly for this reason that people do not sell land despite it becoming less important for livelihoods. Research conducted between June and October 2020 in ten rural villages severely impacted by the loss of remittances accompanying the pandemic, and in which many returned migrants were now living, found that land did indeed provide a significant safety net but in unexpected and specific ways. Land replaced remittances as the main source of livelihood and security. It allowed returned migrants to survive as they waited to go back to Thailand, reinforcing the co-dependency between farmers and their migrant relatives. Yet many returned migrants only reluctantly turned to farming when they had no other options, and some households had land that was only partially used while others remained landless. Ultimately, land's role as a safety net was limited due to the unviability of smallholder farming and the unequal distribution of land.

关键词： STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION  

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 gene mutation has been rapidly emerging and spreading all over the world. Experts worldwide regularly monitor genetic mutations and variants through genome-sequencebased surveillance, laboratory testing, outbreak investigation, and epidemiological probing. Clinical pathologists and medical laboratory scientists prefer developing or endorsing COVID-19 vaccines with a broader immune response involving various antibodies and cells to protect against mutations or new variants. Randomness plays an enormous role in pathology and epidemiology. Hence, based on epidemiological parameter data, we construct and probe a stochastically perturbed dominant variant of the coronavirus epidemic model with three nonlinear saturated incidence rates. We reveal the existence of a unique global positive solution to the constructed stochastic COVID-19 model. The Lyapunov function method is used to determine the presence of a stationary distribution of positive solutions. We derive sufficient conditions for the coronavirus to be eradicated. Eventually, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of our theoretical outcomes.