关键词： COVID-19   burnout syndrome   mental health   medical student   pandemic   workload   BURNOUT SYNDROME   STRESS  

摘要： IntroductionBurnout syndrome is a global burden characterized by exhaustion, work detachment, and a sense of ineffectiveness. It affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence among medical students. Factors such as demanding education, exposure to suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to elevated stress levels. Addressing this issue is crucial due to its impact on well-being and health-care *** and methodsThis cross-sectional survey study assessed fear of COVID-19 and burnout levels among medical student interns in hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The study used validated scales and collected data from September 2021 to September 2022. A snowball sampling method was employed and a minimum sample size of 198 participants was *** study included 311 medical students (62.1% female and 37.9% male with a mean age of 23.51 +/- 2.21 years). The majority were in their second semester of internship (60.5%) and from public hospitals (89.1%). Most students believed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of their internship (82.6%). Female students had higher personal burnout scores, while male students had higher work-related burnout scores. The mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 13.71 +/- 6.28, with higher scores among women (p = 0.004) and those from public hospitals (p = 0.009). A positive weak correlation was found between COVID-19 scores and burnout *** study emphasizes the significant impact of various factors on burnout levels among medical students and health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prolonged exposure to COVID-19 patients, reduced staffing, and increased workload contributed to burnout, affecting well-being and quality of care. Targeted interventions and resilience-building strategies are needed to mitigate burnout and promote well-being in health-care settings.

关键词： Dividend payout   financial performance   audit quality   COVID-19   Egypt   Collins Ntim, University of Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland   M41   M42   CORPORATE GOVERNANCE   FINANCIAL CRISIS   VALUE RELEVANCE   POLICY EVIDENCE   CASH   EARNINGS   IMPACT   PRE  

摘要： This study examines the moderating influence of audit quality on the relationship between dividend payout and corporate financial performance in emerging markets. Further, it investigates if the COVID-19 pandemic influences the relationship between dividend payout and corporate financial performance. This study uses a sample of non-financial firms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange's EGX 100 Index during 2015-2021, which was beneficial to capture the influences brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in late 2019. Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), fixed effect regressions with Robust Standard Errors, and the system GMM estimations are used to examine the research hypotheses. We found that dividend payout has a significant positive influence on corporate financial performance. However, the interaction term between dividend payout and audit quality has an insignificant influence on financial performance, which indicates the low quality of audits conducted in emerging markets. Finally, consistent with the widely reported economic consequences of the latest pandemic, the interaction term between dividend payout and COVID-19 has a significant negative effect on financial performance. This study contributes to the literature by examining the moderating influence of audit quality on the association between dividend payout and financial performance in an emerging African market. By considering the role that can be played by determinants or moderating factors such as audit quality and the COVID-19 pandemic, investors could be better equipped to project corporate dividend policies and their implications for companies' performance and devise their investment strategy effectively.

关键词： COVID-19   stress   coping strategies   socioeconomic status   Response to stress questionnaire   MENTAL-HEALTH   CHILDHOOD   ADOLESCENCE   DEPRESSION   RESPONSES  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic caused a worldwide health- and societal crisis. Youth were exposed to enduring stressors. We examined types and load of stressors faced by youth, and their use of coping strategies. A population-based sample within Bergen municipality, Norway (N = 1031, 11-19 years) completed the Response to Stress Questionnaire 9 months into the pandemic. Social stressors were most frequent, with secondary control engagement being the most used coping strategy. Stress and coping strategies differed depending on sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Heightened stress were associated with primary and secondary control engagement, and disengagement. Thus, youth employed a range of coping strategies to an increasing degree with heightened levels of COVID-19 stress. The frequency of secondary control engagement aligns with the enduring uncontrollable nature of the outbreak. For future health crises, authorities should focus on social stressors experienced by youth, especially among girls, older youth, and youth with low socioeconomic status.

关键词： Health care providers   information-seeking behaviour   health belief models   monkeypox   COVID-19  

摘要： BackgroundA monkeypox (MPOX) outbreak occurred in May 2022. On June 3, 2022, the WHO Blueprint organized a consultation on MPOX research knowledge gaps and priority research questions because the engagement of health care providers (HCPs) in providing accurate information and the public's motivation to adapt protective behaviour were crucial. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the knowledge issues, animal patterns, and interactions of HCPs in the context of MPOX and COVID-19 during the MPOX *** conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey among 816 HCPs working in governmental health facilities from many countries, mainly Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Cameroon, in September *** hundred and sixty (56.37%) were aged between 18 and less than 35 years old. About 34.44% were physicians, while only 37.25% worked on the frontlines with patients. 37.99% and 5.88% received vaccinations against chickenpox and MPOX, respectively. In the meantime, 55.39% had taken courses or training programmes regarding COVID-19. Regarding knowledge-seeking behaviours (KSBs) about COVID-19, 38.73% were through passive attention, while only 28.8% got their information through active search. Most of the participants (56.86%) had a moderate level of knowledge regarding COVID-19. Only 8.82% had courses or training programmes regarding MPOX. Regarding KSB about MPOX, 50.86% were obtained through passive attention, while only 18.01% and 23.04% got their information through active and passive search, respectively. Most of the participants (57.60%) had a poor level of knowledge regarding MPOX. The regression analysis of the MPOX knowledge score revealed that individuals working on the frontlines with patients and those who had training programmes or courses were shown to have a higher score by 1.25 and 3.18 points, *** studied HCPs had poorer knowledge about the MPOX virus than they did about the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Training programmes and educ

关键词： Covid-19   populist leadership   international cooperation   global solidarity   United States   Brazil   Richard Meissner, Department of Political Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa   Comparative Politics   Government   International Politics   International Relations  

摘要： Did populist leadership in the US and Brazil hinder effective management of Covid-19 at the international level? The study carries out exploratory research to understand leadership styles of Donald Trump in US and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil and their populist response to international cooperation and institutional coordination related to the global pandemic. Using a comparative approach, the study reviews how populist style of leadership in the two states has impacted on international cooperation and collaboration during Covid-19. The research employs a liberal institutional approach, referring to global institutions, international health protocols, and global cooperation as necessary avenues for dealing with the global health crisis. The article argues that US and Brazilian leadership response in handling the crisis demonstrated populist features, challenging international cooperation while discrediting international health institutions and protocols. In doing so, the two leaders undermined transnational and global institutional cooperation, while they blamed outsiders, associating them with the outbreak of the pandemic. In evading responsibility, the two states populist leaderships' orientation undermined effective management internationally by blaming (and calling them 'others') foreigners, immigrants and ethnicities (mainly Chinese) for the spread of Covid-19.

关键词： COVID-19   hepatitis B   India   influenza   pertussis   pregnant women   tetanus   vaccination   vaccine acceptance   HEPATITIS-B-VIRUS   WOMEN   INFECTION   PERTUSSIS   IMMUNIZATION   COVERAGE   INFANTS   IMPACT  

摘要： Influenza, COVID-19, tetanus, pertussis and hepatitis B pose increased risk for pregnant women and infants and could be mitigated by maternal immunization. In India Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and COVID-19 vaccines are recommended during pregnancy, while influenza and tetanus-acellular pertussis-diphtheria (Tdap) vaccines are not. We conducted a multicenter study from November 2021 to June 2022 among pregnant women (n = 172) attending antenatal clinics in three public hospitals in West Bengal, to understand the factors that influence women's decisions to get vaccinated during pregnancy. Questions assessed vaccination coverage, knowledge, intention and willingness to pay for influenza vaccine, and factors influencing decisions to get Td, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines. 152/172 (88.4%) women were vaccinated with Td, 159/172 (93%) with COVID-19, 1/172 (0.6%) with influenza, and none with Tdap. 10/168 (6%) had received hepatitis B vaccine (HBV). Community health workers advice was crucial for Td uptake and, the belief of protection from COVID for COVID-19 vaccines. Most women were unaware about Tdap (96%), influenza (75%), and influenza severity during pregnancy and infancy (85%). None were advised for influenza vaccination by healthcare providers (HCP), albeit, 93% expressed willingness to take, and pay INR 100-300 (95% CI: <= 100 to 300-500) [$ 1.3-4.0 (95% CI: <= 1.3, 4-6.7)] for it. Vaccination on flexible dates and time, HCP's recommendation, proximity to vaccination center, and husband's support were most important for their vaccination decisions. Women were generally vaccine acceptors and had high uptake of vaccines included in the Universal Immunization Program (UIP). Inclusion of influenza, Tdap, and HBV into UIP may improve maternal vaccine uptake. Vaccinations during pregnancy protect mothers and babies from lethal infections from tetanus, influenza, COVID-19, pertussis, and hepatitis B. In India all pregnant women get tetanus (Td) vaccines, and during the pand

关键词： Plain language summary   Vaccines   COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   BNT162b2   Variant of concern   Omicron   Bivalent vaccines  

摘要： What are variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines? The COVID-19 vaccine developed by BioNTech and Pfizer is known as BNT162b2 (Comirnaty). BNT162b2 contains messenger RNA, or mRNA, from SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for COVID-19. mRNA is a type of genetic material that contains the instructions that tell cells in the body how to make a protein. The mRNA in BNT162b2 tells the body to make one of the proteins from SARS-CoV-2 known as the spike protein. This teaches the body's defense system, known as the immune system, to recognize and respond to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The BNT162b2 vaccine contains mRNA from the first SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was detected in December 2019. Since this original vaccine was developed, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved, resulting in the appearance of new versions of the virus, known as variants. Certain variants that might be more concerning for public health are labeled as either 'variants of concern' or 'variants of interest' by the World Health Organization (WHO). Variants have differences in their proteins compared with the original virus that can affect how well the original vaccine works against them. Therefore, BioNTech and Pfizer developed updated versions of the BNT162b2 vaccine that contain mRNA from certain variants. These new vaccines are called variant-adapted COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Another company, Moderna, has also developed their own variant-adapted versions of their COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1273 (SpikeVax). Variant-adapted vaccines can contain parts of the variant mRNA either in addition to, or instead of, that from the original virus. Vaccines that contain mRNA from two different viruses are known as bivalent, whereas vaccines that contain mRNA from a single virus are called monovalent.

关键词： Vaccination   vaccine hesitancy/resistance   interoception   cognitive empathy   logistic regression   DETERMINANTS   HUNGER  

摘要： A wide range of survey studies have explored vaccination hesitancy/resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided evidence that this can be explained by several individual variables from the ideological, clinical, and socio-affective domain. However, evidence about which individual variables predict vaccine hesitancy in the post-pandemic state of COVID-19 is meager. We administered a battery of questionnaires to a group of 120 Italian participants with high and low scores on the adult vaccine hesitancy scale (aVHS) to investigate the predictive role of ideological (i.e. political orientation), clinical (i.e. anxiety, interoceptive accuracy), and socio-affective (i.e. alexithymia, disgust sensitivity/propensity, empathy) variables on vaccine hesitancy/resistance. This study provides evidence that lower interoceptive awareness and cognitive empathy are predictors of a greater hesitancy to get vaccinated in the post-pandemic COVID-19 state.

关键词： prostatic neoplasms   time-to-treatment   COVID-19   counseling   radical prostatectomy   patient care management   health services accessibility   pandemics  

摘要： Purpose: This study investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic (CP) impacted the timeline between initial diagnosis (ID) of prostate carcinoma and subsequent therapy consultation (TC) or radical prostatectomy (RP) due to the implementation of a "minimal contact concept," which postponed clinical examinations until the day of admission. Methods: We analyzed patient data from a tertiary care center from 2018 to September 2021. The focus was on comparing the time intervals from ID to TC and from ID to RP before and during the CP. Results: Of 12,255 patients, 6,073 (61.6%) were treated before and 3,791 (38.4%) during the CP. The median time from ID to TC reduced from 37 days (IQR: 21 - 58d) pre-CP to 32 days (IQR: 20 - 50d) during CP (p < 0.001). Similarly, the time from ID to RP decreased from 98 days (IQR: 70 - 141d) to 75 days (IQR: 55 - 108d; p < 0.001) during the CP. There was a significant decrease in low-risk tumor cases at ID (18.9% vs. 21.4%; p = 0.003) and post-RP (4% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.001) during the CP. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic facilitated more timely treatment of prostate cancer, suggesting potential benefits for both low-risk and aggressive tumor management through expedited clinical procedures.

关键词： Urban nightlife   spatio-temporal analysis   location-based big data   points of interest (POIs)   Google popular times   SOCIAL MEDIA DATA   MOBILITY  

摘要： Nightlife in urban areas is gaining interest due to its role as a stimulus of the local economy, tourism, safety, and public services. However, most studies analyse nighttime activity from a qualitative perspective and at a general urban scale, without going into a detailed spatial analysis. In this paper, we have used the spatio-temporal details of Google Places data, and the activity trends at a variety of facilities that provide Google Popular Times. We studied and mapped the recovery of nighttime activity in the city of Madrid after the pandemic restrictions. The results reveal that there was a significant decrease of over 80% in the activity levels of open premises, which also led to a decrease in their average occupancy rate. These reductions were particularly noticeable in the city center and during the late-night hours.