关键词： Physical activity   Recreational screen time   Chinese children and adolescents   Pandemic   National trends   ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE   SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR   HEALTH   IMPACT  

摘要： Background: The lack of Physical Activity (PA) and prolonged Recreational Screen Time (RST) among children and adolescents has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, causing this issue to escalate into a crucial public health concern. This study aims to investigate the trends in PA and RST among Chinese children and adolescents from 2019 to 2022, thereby analyzing the short-term and long-term effects of the pandemic on PA and RST among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: A nationally representative sample of Chinese primary, middle, and high school students was surveyed annually between September and December from 2019 to 2022 using a consistent set of questionnaires. Trends in PA and RST across different school levels, genders, areas (urban/rural), and regions (north/south) were analyzed using Segmented Linear Regression. Results: From 2019 to 2022, the PA and RST of children and adolescents displayed an inverted U-shaped trend, initially increasing and subsequently declining. Specifically, from 2019 to 2021, the PA of children and adolescents significantly increased but dramatically declined from 2021 to 2022. This trend in PA is more pronounced among primary, male, urban, and northern children and adolescent. The RST of children and adolescents increased from 2019 to 2020 but significantly decreased from 2020 to 2022. This trend in RST is more pronounced among primary, urban, and southern children and adolescent. Conclusions: This research unveils the effects of the pandemic on PA and RST in children and adolescents, suggesting short-term beneficial and long-term adverse effects on PA and short-term adverse and long-term beneficial effects on RST. These findings provide a foundation for formulating policies related to children and adolescents' PA and RST during the pandemic.

关键词： Kidney transplantation   Covid-19   HLA antigens   Graft rejection   RECIPIENTS   REJECTION  

摘要： The effects of COVID-19 on the immune profile of kidney transplant recipients are unknown. Immunosuppression adjustment during the illness can increase the risk for de novo donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) and acute rejection episodes. This single-center retrospective study includes adult kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2022, screened for anti-HLA antibodies (AbHLA) pre-transplant and after COVID-19. Analyzed data comprised demographics, immunosuppressive therapy before and during the illness, hospitalization rate, and AbHLA specificity. Two hundred sixty-seven transplant recipients were included and divided according to the pre-transplant AbHLA profile: absent [PRA- (n = 206, 77%)], nonDSA (N = 46, 17%), and DSA+ (n = 15, 6%). The DSA+ group was younger (40.5 +/- 16.5; PRA- 50.3 +/- 13.4; non-DSA 49.3 +/- 11.7 years; p = 0.02). The hospitalization rate was higher in groups with preformed AbHLA (DSA+ n = 8, 53%; non-DSA = 24, 52%; PRA- n = 54, 26%; p < 0.01). Immunosuppression was maintained in 222 (83%), withdrawn in 33 (12%), and reduced in 11 (4%) cases without difference among groups. Twenty-two (8%) cases of de novo DSA were observed after COVID-19 [PRA-, n = 16 (73%) and non-DSA, n = 6 (27%)]. In the DSA+ group, the AbHLA profile remained stable. There were 6 (2%) cases of post-COVID-19 antibody-mediated rejection (DSA+ n = 4, 66%; non-DSA n = 1, 17%, PRA- n = 1, 17%) without T cell-mediated rejection cases. Post-COVID-19 de novo DSA was more frequent in groups without pre-transplant AbHLA, not having association with changes in immunosuppressive therapy.

关键词： Subjective well-being   CEO   COVID-19   Stock market volatility   Rational expectations theory   Agent-based model   STICKY INFORMATION   SET-POINT   STABILITY   SATISFACTION   ADAPTATION   INVESTORS   HAPPINESS   BEHAVIOR  

摘要： This study aimed to connect the behavioral corporate finance perspective (micro level) with complexity theory via agent-based modeling to analyze the impact of selected psychological factors of chief executive officers (CEOs) on stock market volatility (macro level). Specifically, we wanted to explore whether Polish CEOs' subjective well-being (SWB) influenced their managerial decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it might be related to the volatility of stock prices during this critical period in Poland. Our study was based on a survey of Polish CEOs who managed companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In particular, 255 CEOs completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and a business survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on company management. Using the results of this survey, we built an agent-based model to investigate how CEOs' decision-making, stemming from their SWB levels, influences the perception of prices by individual traders and, in turn, how it is translated into aggregate stock market volatility. The results indicate the pathways through which the microscopic-level SWB of CEOs influences market price formation at a macroscopic level. The findings obtained from our model may shed new light on the rational expectations theory applied to stock market volatility during the financial crisis.

关键词： COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   Field epidemiology training program   Outbreak investigation   Field epidemiology   ONTARIO  

摘要： Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, nightclubs were identified as high-risk locations for COVID19 outbreaks, but an outbreak investigation in this setting is challenging because of the anonymous and opportunistic nature of interactions. Methods: The joint rapid response team collected epidemiological data, conducted descriptive epidemiology to determine the characteristics of cases associated with the nightclub, and implemented countermeasures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed by the Local Institute of Public Health, Kagoshima University, and several commercial laboratories. Results: Between June 15 and July 20, 2020, 121 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (59 confirmed and 62 asymptomatic) of whom 8 were nightclub staff who had no travel history of outside Kagoshima, 66 were guests, and 47 were subsequent contacts. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range: 24-43 years). One individual showed severe symptoms but there were no fatal. The epidemic curve showed one peak on June 30 and July 1 with a limited number of cases subsequently. Of the 121 cases, 116 and 5 were in individuals living in and outside Kagoshima Prefecture, respectively. Haplotype network analysis showed 5 genome-wide singlenucleotide variants between the isolates before and during this outbreak. Conclusions: There is a possibility that unidentified guests from outside Kagoshima Prefecture could infect staff who could subsequently spread the virus to guests and other staff, who were mainly a younger population. The rapid outbreak response enabled onward transmission in the community to be minimized. This outbreak investigation could provide insights for effective responses to challenging situations in future pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19   Acute respiratory distress syndrome   ARDS   Hyperbaric oxygen therapy   HBOT   Clinical trial   THERAPY  

摘要： Background: Few treatment options exist for patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data on the benefits and harms of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) for this condition is limited. Objective: To evaluate benefits and harms of HBOT in patients with COVID-19 induced ARDS. Methods: In this open-label trial conducted at three hospitals in Sweden and Germany, patients with moderate to severe ARDS and at least two risk factors for unfavourable outcome, were randomly assigned (1:1) to medical oxygen 100 %, 2.4 Atmospheres absolute (ATA), 80 min (HBOT) adjuvant to best practice or to best practice alone (Control). Randomisation was stratified by sex and site. The primary endpoint was ICU admission by Day 30. Results: Between June 4, 2020, and Dec 1, 2021, 34 subjects were randomised to HBOT (N = 18) or Control (N = 16). The trial was prematurely terminated for futility. There was no statistically significant difference in ICU admission, 5 (50 %) in Control vs 13 (72 %) in HBOT. OR 2.54 [95 % CI 0.62-10.39], p = 0.19. Harms: 102 adverse events (AEs) were recorded. 16 (94 %) subjects in the HBOT group and 14 (93 %) in the control group had at least one AE. Three serious adverse events (SAEs), were at least, possibly related to HBOT. All deaths were unlikely related to HBOT. Conclusions: HBOT did not reduce ICU admission or mortality in patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. The trial cannot conclude definitive benefits or harms. Treating COVID-19-induced ARDS with HBOT is feasible with a favourable harms profile.

关键词： Disruption   Stock market   Regression analysis   Machine learning   Portfolio optimization   FRENCH   SHOCKS   FAMA  

摘要： The connection between risk and return is a critical concept in finance. Investors who take on more risk can earn higher returns. Disruptions are part of market risks, also known as systematic risks. Due to political and macroeconomic risks, their effects on the entire economic market, or a significant portion of its sectors, are not negligible. Among these sectors, the stock market is essential as a basis of the economy. The point is that the consequences of all disruptions are not merely unpleasant for companies. They may affect corporate profitability both negatively and positively. Hence, investors who trace companies' news and fundamental conditions react, and the closing price probably encounters volatility. Therefore, the common trend of several stocks may fluctuate. This research investigates how investors in the stock market should form their investment portfolio to see the minor losses when disruptions occur and take advantage of the potential provided profitability by turning threats into opportunities. A three-step framework is presented to achieve this goal. A prerequisite for this framework is the collection of relevant data. Ten stocks from distinct industries of the Securities and Exchange Organization of Iran are chosen for the examination. In the first step, multi-variate regression analysis categorizes selected stocks into the most and the least affected groups. At the same time, a comprehensive technical analysis is involved in this step. Then, in the second step, three well-known machine learning techniques, namely, stacked long short-term memory (Stacked LSTM), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and Prophet, are compared from the point of view of predicting future closed prices of selected stocks. The method with the most minor statistical error in forecasting, i.e., root mean squared error (RMSE) and validation loss, estimates the next month's closed prices. Finally, based on the predicted closed prices, the third step empowers

关键词： SARS CoV-2   Cytokine   Inflammation   Biomarkers   Body organs   COUNT  

摘要： Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus may induce some complications among people who experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and some of them recover without requiring special treatment. Albeit, some individuals become seriously reached risk points and require special medical attention especially older people and people who suffer from chronic diseases. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from confirmed infected persons with SARS CoV-2 by real-time PCR and the control group. All lab. Investigations were performed using Cobas 6000. Significant differences were noted between patients compared to the control group in the Mean f SD of IL-6 (76.06 f 7.60 vs 3.61 f 0.296 pg/ml), Procalcitonin (0.947 f 0.117 vs 0.061 f 0.007 ng/ml), CRP (125.3 f 7.560 vs 4.027 f 0.251 mg/dl), ALT (154.8 f 30.47 vs 49.75 f 2.977 IU/L) and AST (70.83 f 9.215 vs 27.23 f 1.767) respectively. While other parameters were also showed significant differences were noted between patients compared to the control group for D-Dimmer, PT, PTT, LDH, Ferritin, WBC, Lymphocyte and Creatinine. The results reached that the effect of SARS CoV-2 and cytokine storm was clear on the body's organs through vital biomarker investigations that were performed in this study.

关键词： COVID-19   Transport services   Resilience   Global south   Developing countries   PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION   IMPACT  

摘要： The impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the transport sector and the corresponding mitigation policies have been widely investigated across the world. There were uncertainties regarding the virus and its role in the context of transport. This paper examined the resilience of transport services in three cities of the Global South during the pandemic while focusing on three main areas: (1) the impacts of COVID-19 on transport services; (2) COVID-19 related challenges of the transport services; and (3) the necessary corrective actions undertaken by transport services to manage the spread of COVID-19 and future pandemics in cities. A series of expert stakeholder workshops were conducted in the cities of Owerri (Nigeria), Kampala (Uganda) and Dhaka (Bangladesh) between December 2020 and January 2021. The aim was to seek input from city planning officials, transport policy experts, transport operator associations, civil society and the academia, among others on how the pandemic affected mobility in these cities and to identify the areas of consensus and conflict. The findings revealed that captive users, who relied heavily on these transport services were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 mitigation measures, consequently resorting to alternative modes of mobility including walking. When the lockdown measures were gradually eased, the pandemic exposed the severe inadequacies in the operation of transport services, particularly related to adherence to health and safety guidelines, carrying capacity, fare structure and organizational/administrative limitations. The need to ensure that transport systems are prepared for future pandemics is urgent, but also is the management of transport systems in cities of the developing world.

关键词： COVID-19   Pandemic   Crisis   Bibliometric analysis   Literature review   CO-AUTHORSHIP   COCITATION   CITATION   MANAGEMENT   NETWORK   SCIENCE   WEB  

摘要： Analyzing 1238 documents from the Elsevier Finance Journal Ecosystem, this study identifies key financial research trends during the pandemic. It explores four thematic clusters as well as the contributors' network, and highlights Finance Research Letters as the most influential journal with 438 publications.

关键词： COVID-19  

摘要： As monitoring and diagnostic tools for long COVID-19 cases, wearable systems and supervised learning-based medical image analysis have proven to be useful. Current research on these two technical roadmaps has various drawbacks, despite their respective benefits. Wearable systems allow only the real-time monitoring of physiological parameters (heart rate, temperature, blood oxygen saturation, or SpO2). Therefore, they are unable to conduct in-depth investigations or differentiate COVID-19 from other illnesses that share similar symptoms. Medical image analysis using supervised learning-based models can be used to conduct in-depth analyses and provide precise diagnostic decision support. However, these methods are rarely used for real-time monitoring. In this regard, we present an intelligent garment combining the precision of supervised learning-based models with real-time monitoring capabilities of wearable systems. Given the relevance of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to long COVID-19 symptom severity, an explainable data fusion strategy based on multiple machine learning models uses heart rate, temperature, SpO2, and ECG signal analysis to accurately assess the patient's health status. Experiments show that the proposed intelligent garment achieves an accuracy of 97.5 %, outperforming most of the existing wearable systems. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the two physiological indicators most significantly affected by the presence of long COVID-19 were SpO2 and the ST intervals of ECG signals. © 2024 The Authors