关键词： Third place   Psychological well-being   Built environment   COVID-19   Mixed method   Restorative environment   RESTORATIVE ENVIRONMENTS   PREFERENCES   STRESS  

摘要： The impact of COVID-19 in the relationship between consumer-facing businesses and health and well-being remains understudied. In response, we utilized mixed methods to examine the perceived psychological benefits of urban parks and consumer-facing businesses among students from the University of California, Irvine before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Overall, findings from photo-based close-ended questions indicated no significant disparity in perceived restorative quality, sentiment, and preference for urban third places before and after COVID-19 lockdowns. However, crowded third places exhibited a notable decline in sentiment and preference for third spaces following the COVID-19 lockdowns. Inductive content analysis of open-ended questions indicated a rise in visits to eating/drinking establishments and shops/stores post-COVID-19 lockdowns and a shift towards outdoor venues for activities. Findings support policy and planning efforts that promote healthy communities by maximizing the benefit of third places.

关键词： Maternal health   SARS-CoV-2   COVID-19   Homebirth   Natural experiment   BIRTH   WOMEN  

摘要： Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns disrupted health care worldwide. High-income countries observed a decrease in preterm births during lockdowns, but maternal pregnancy-related outcomes were also likely affected. This study investigates the effect of the first COVID-19 lockdown (March-June 2020) on provision of maternity care and maternal pregnancyrelated outcomes in the Netherlands. Study design: National quasi-experimental study. Methods: Multiple linked national registries were used, and all births from a gestational age of 24+0 weeks in 2010-2020 were included. In births starting in midwife-led primary care, we assessed the effect of lockdown on provision of care. In the general pregnant population, the impact on characteristics of labour and maternal morbidity was assessed. A difference-in-regression-discontinuity design was used to derive causal estimates for the year 2020. Results: A total of 1,039,728 births were included. During the lockdown, births to women who started labour in midwife-led primary care (49%) more often ended at home (27% pre-lockdown, +10% [95% confidence interval: +7%, +13%]). A small decrease was seen in referrals towards obstetrician-led care during labour (46%, -3% [-5%,-0%]). In the overall group, no significant change was seen in induction of labour (27%, +1% [-1%, +3%]). We found no significant changes in the incidence of emergency caesarean section (9%,-1% [-2%, +0%]), obstetric anal sphincter injury (2%, +0% [-0%, +1%]), episiotomy (21%,-0% [-2%, +1%]), or post-partum haemorrhage: >1000 ml (6%,-0% [-1%, +1%]). Conclusions: During the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands, a substantial increase in home- births was seen. There was no evidence for changed available maternal outcomes, suggesting that a maternity care system with a strong midwife-led primary care system may flexibly , safely adapt to external disruptions. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Royal Society for

关键词： Pandemic   Burnout   Well-being   Higher education   Motivation   Student teachers   MENTAL-HEALTH   BURNOUT   ENGAGEMENT  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic might have lasting effects on university students' well-being and motivation. However, existing studies examining students' well-being and motivation have not covered the entire pre, during and postpandemic period. This study investigated German university students' well-being (emotional exhaustion, study satisfaction) and motivation (dropout intentions, enthusiasm) from 2020 to 2023. Latent Change Score Models from 1967 students indicated increased emotional exhaustion and dropout intentions in 2021-2023 compared to 2020. Study satisfaction initially rose during the 2021 lockdown but declined subsequently, while enthusiasm remained stable. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing university support to mitigate pandemic-related student distress.

关键词： COVID-19   Spillover effects   Mortality   Chronic disease   Mental disorders   MENTAL-HEALTH   ROUTINE CARE   CHALLENGES   IMPACT   TIME  

摘要： Objectives: With the seeming end of the COVID-19 epidemic, international focus is rethinking its spillover consequences, such as on the routine provision and usage of healthcare. This study uses China's national death records to estimate the potential spillover effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality of non-COVID diseases in China, such as chronic diseases and mental disorders. Study design: A longitudinal study. Methods: Using the difference-in-difference strategy, our results showed a sizeable increase in total nonCOVID deaths and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, mental diseases, and suicide. Results: Notably, the deaths from diabetes and suicide increased by 4.60% and 7.08%, respectively, relative to the regions without pandemic cases in the first outbreak and escalated by 3.57% and 5.00%, respectively, when the control group switched to the same period in 2019. Conclusions: These results documented adverse spillover effects of COVID-19 on mortality of non-COVID diseases, suggesting inadequate provision and utilization of regular healthcare. The government and healthcare industry should adopt expedient policies for non-epidemic diseases and reallocate health resources to mitigate future pandemics like COVID-19. (c) 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： COVID-19   Delivery of health care   Daily life activities   Quality of life   PARTICIPATION MEASURES   REHABILITATION   SCALE   RESPONSIVENESS   SCORE  

摘要： Background: A Dutch nationwide prospective cohort study was initiated to investigate recovery trajectories of people recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and costs of treatment by primary care allied health professionals. Objectives: The study described recovery trajectories over a period of 12 months and associated baseline characteristics of participants recovering from COVID-19 who visited a primary care allied health professional. It also aimed to provide insight into the associated healthcare and societal costs. Methods: Participants completed participant-reported standardized outcomes on participation, healthrelated quality of life, fatigue, physical functioning, and costs at baseline (ie, start of the treatment), 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Results: A total of 1451 participants (64% women, 76% mild/moderate severity) with a mean (SD) age of 49 (12) years were included. Linear mixed models showed significant and clinically relevant improvements over time in all outcome measures between baseline and 12 months. Between 6 and 12 months, we found significant but not clinically relevant improvements in most outcome measures. Having a worse baseline score was the only baseline factor that was consistently associated with greater improvement over time on that outcome. Total allied healthcare costs (mean 1921; SEM 48) made up about 3% of total societal costs (mean 64,584; SEM 3149) for the average participant in the cohort. Conclusions: The health status of participants recovering from COVID-19 who visited an allied health professional improved significantly over a 12-month follow-up period, but nearly the improvement occurred between baseline and 6 months. Most participants still reported severe impairments in their daily lives, and generated substantial societal costs. These issues, combined with the fact that baseline characteristics explained little of the variance in recovery over time, underscore the importance of continued atte

关键词： Student test scores   COVID-19   Pandemic   NAPLAN   Australia  

摘要： We study the effect of school closures on learning loss under Australia's zero-COVID policies. School closures occurred together with preemptive shelter-in-place and non-essential workplace closures that successfully eliminated the spread of COVID. We exploit variation in the duration of school closures across Australian regions of 9-157 school days and student-level test score data from a national standardized test with high participation to estimate learning loss. Learning loss was substantially smaller than comparable estimates from the literature, which has almost exclusively studied COVID mitigation (rather than elimination) policy environments. Learning loss was minimal for disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.

关键词： Mixture modeling   Resilience   COVID-19   Depression   Well-being   RESILIENCE   TRAUMA   HEALTH   IMPACT  

摘要： Previous research investigated the trajectories of mental health and well-being during and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, less is known about the trajectories of mental health and well-being before, during, and two years after the onset of the pandemic. The aim of the current study was to investigate the trajectory of depression symptoms and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and positive and negative affect) trajectories over six time points (2017-2022), three before the pandemic and three after the onset of the pandemic. To increase the robustness of our overall conclusions and avoid reliance on data from only one country, we used data from two nationwide representative longitudinal surveys conducted in Germany (GESIS Panel study; N = 5184) and Switzerland (Swiss Household Panel study; N = 17,074). Using covariance pattern mixture models, the results revealed that a four-class model best fit the data. The Stable/resilient trajectory was the most common across outcomes (74.2%-90.1% of participants). Three additional trajectories of Chronic/Low, Upright U-shaped, and Inverted U-shaped emerged in the analysis of negative affect and depression symptoms, while distinct trajectory classes of Worsening, Improving/Stable, and Upright U-shaped also emerged for analyses of positive affect and life satisfaction shaped. In conclusion, there was no evidence of a long-term impact of the pandemic for the vast majority of participants (about 90%). For the remaining participants, the COVID-19 pandemic (along with its exceptional circumstances) was a turning point or a catalyst that reversed, accelerated, or flattened a pre-pandemic trend. These changes in trends were not only negative (e.g., greater depression symptoms), but also positive (e.g., less depression symptoms).

关键词： Volatility spillover   Multiscale analysis   Financial markets   EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION   SAFE-HAVEN   BITCOIN   GOLD   CONNECTEDNESS   RETURN   VARIANCE  

摘要： This paper presents a comprehensive multiscale analysis of volatility spillover mechanisms among diverse financial markets utilizing a novel combination of Normalized Adaptive Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (NA-MEMD) and Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model. Our analysis spans Bitcoin, crude oil, gold, foreign exchange, emerging stock markets, and developed stock markets, examining their respective roles in global volatility transmission. Utilizing the NA-MEMD methodology and a time-varying volatility spillover index, we find that in the short-term, Bitcoin and crude oil primarily act as volatility receivers, while other markets serve as volatility transmitters. Over the long-term, gold and Bitcoin consistently act as volatility receivers, with Bitcoin and gold showing evident safe-haven effects, while the remaining markets primarily function as volatility transmitters. Particularly post-COVID-19, developed stock markets emerge as significant transmitters of volatility, largely directed towards the crude oil market. By evaluating and comparing risk transmission patterns among financial markets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings offer valuable insights that can assist policymakers and other stakeholders in managing financial uncertainty in times of global crises.

关键词： COVID-19   Cardiovascular disease   Long COVID-19 syndrome   SARS-CoV-2   HEART-FAILURE   MORTALITY   IMPACT   DEATH   VACCINATION   ASSOCIATION   EVOLUTION  

摘要： Background: Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 are numerous and aspects of this phenomenon are not well known. The main objective of this manuscript is a systematic review of the acute and chronic cardiovascular complications secondary to COVID-19. Methods: A systematic review of the literature through Medline via PubMed was conducted (2020-2024). Results: There is a plethora of effects of COVID-19 on the heart in the acute setting. Here we discuss pathophysiology, myocardial infarctions, heart failure, Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, myocardial injury, myocarditis and arrhythmias that are caused by COVID-19. Additionally, these cardiovascular injuries can linger and may be an underlying cause of some Long COVID symptoms. Conclusions: Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 are numerous and life-threatening. Long COVID can affect cardiovascular health. Microclotting induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a therapeutic target for some aspects of Long Covid.

关键词： Responsible banking   Market performance   Corporate social responsibility   ESG   COVID-19 pandemic   CORPORATE SOCIAL-RESPONSIBILITY   FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE   FIRM PERFORMANCE  

摘要： We investigate whether banks' initial responses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in supporting their customers, communities, and governments were perceived as value-enhancing by investors. Using a unique responsible banking measure for a sample of the largest US and European commercial banks, we find a negative relationship between responsible bank behavior and stock market performance, particularly in the first wave of the pandemic. We also find that riskier banks were affected more negatively if they behaved responsibly. Overall, our findings show that banks' responsible behavior during a crisis reduces, or at best is not relevant to, shareholder value.