关键词： COVID-19   Proteins   SARS-CoV2  

摘要： Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has emerged as the causative agent behind the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the scientific community strives to comprehend the intricate workings of this virus, a fundamental aspect lies in deciphering the myriad proteins it expresses. This knowledge is pivotal in unraveling the complexities of the viral machinery and devising targeted therapeutic interventions. The proteomic landscape of SARS-CoV2 encompasses structural, non-structural, and open-reading frame proteins, each playing crucial roles in viral replication, host interactions, and the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated and detailed examination of the structural and functional attributes of SARS-CoV2 proteins. By exploring the intricate molecular architecture, we have highlighted the significance of these proteins in viral biology. Insights into their roles and interplay contribute to a deeper understanding of the virus's mechanisms, thereby paving the way for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. As the global scientific community strives to combat the ongoing pandemic, this synthesis of knowledge on SARS-CoV2 proteins serves as a valuable resource, fostering informed approaches toward mitigating the impact of COVID-19 and advancing the frontier of antiviral research. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Inflation   New Keynesian   Indexation   Monetary policy   OPTIMAL MONETARY-POLICY   LABOR-MARKET   KEYNESIAN MODEL   UNEMPLOYMENT   WAGE   SEARCH   SHOCKS   PRICES  

摘要： This study examined the recent inflation episode in the US using an estimated NK-DSGE model with endogenous unemployment fluctuations. We find that the US price inflation accelerated due to a sudden wage increase during the COVID-19 lockdown, the 2021 expansionary monetary policy, and price-push shocks in the quarters of a global surge in energy costs. The disinflation path predicts that further indexing prices or wages to lagged inflation will lead to higher wage inflation and slower price disinflation. Moreover, severely tightening the Fed's monetary policy will only slightly reduce inflation but increase unemployment.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine   AMH   ovarian reserve   COVID-19   fertility  

摘要： Objectives:To evaluate the effect of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines developed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the ovarian reserve of women of reproductive age. Material and methods:This prospective study was conducted between July and December 2022 in a tertiary care hospital affiliated with a university. A total of 117 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 62) consisted of women of reproductive age who received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine administered 21 days apart. The control group (n = 55) included women with the same demographic characteristics who did not plan to be vaccinated. Hormonal values and basal antral follicle count were compared between two groups. Results: The mean age of the study group was 26.3 +/- 3.6 years, and the mean age of the control group was 25.4 +/- 6.2 years (p = 0.332). In the vaccinated group, mean follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) on day 2 was 5.29 +/- 2.28; luteinizing hormone (LH): 5.18 +/- 1.3; E2: 46.43 +/- 24.51; anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH): 4.17 +/- 2.1; antral follicle count: 16.23 +/- 8.04; right ovarian volume: 6.4 +/- 1.7; left ovarian volume: 6.2 +/- 2.1. FSH measured at D2 in the control group was 5.68 +/- 1.89; LH: 5.22 +/- 2.2; E2: 48.41 +/- 27.12; AMH: 4.30 +/- 1.74; number of antral follicles: 15.64 +/- 9.04; right ovarian volume: 6.1 +/- 1.8; left ovarian volume: 6.3 +/- 1.4. There were no statistically significant differences for FSH, LH, E2, AMH, ovarian volume, and number of antral follicles on the second day of menstruation between the groups. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not affect the ovarian reserve of patients.

关键词： SEROPREVALENCE  

摘要： The aim of the present study was to assess functional performance and perceived fatigue post-COVID-19 in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients. A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted of 1448 individuals who were evaluated for perceived fatigue, functional capacity, handgrip strength, physical activity level, pain and dyspnea. IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid serology results and self-declared symptoms were used to classify patients into three study groups: SARS-CoV-2 seronegative, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and mild infection SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Participants with a history of moderate or severe COVID-19 were excluded from the analysis. Chi-square test and Kruskal Wallis were used to test for associations between variables. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed for perceived fatigue outcome. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Measurements for physical performance, body pain or dyspnea between the three study groups were similar. However, a significant difference was observed in reported fatigue between the study groups. Poisson crude and adjusted models confirmed an association between SARS-CoV-2 exposure and presence of perceived fatigue among the asymptomatic and symptomatic mild COVID-19 groups (PR = 1.33 [95%CI:1.09,1.61], P = 0.004 and PR = 1.26 [95%CI:1.03,1.53], P = 0.026), respectively. Upon review, although seropositive SARS-CoV-2 individuals presented a higher prevalence of perceived fatigue, their physical performance was equal to that of the seronegative group.

关键词： Long COVID   Exercise   Muscle   Respiratory function tests   Quality of life   LUNG-FUNCTION TESTS   REFERENCE VALUES   CAPACITY   STRENGTH   INJURY   WOMEN  

摘要： Background/objective: Many COVID-19 survivors, especially those who have been hospitalized, have been suffering numerous complications that limit their activities of daily living, although changes that persist 3 years after infection are still not known. We aimed to investigate the impact of long COVID on the Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) 3 years after acute infection in men who needed hospitalization and explore whether the performance on the TGlittre is associated with impairments in lung function, muscle strength, physical function and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Cross-sectional study with 42 men with long COVID who took the TGlittre. They underwent pulmonary function tests and measurements of handgrip strength and quadriceps strength (QS). Additionally, they also completed the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results: The mean age was 52 +/- 10.6 years, while the mean time after diagnosis of COVID-19 was 37 +/- 3.5 months. The mean TGlittre time was 3.3 (3.1 -4.1) min, which was 10% greater than the time expected for normal individuals to complete it. The TGlittre time was correlated significantly with the QS ( r s = - 0.397, p = 0.009), pulmonary diffusion ( r s = - 0.364, p = 0.017), FIM (r s = - 0.364, p = 0.017) and the "activity " domain score of the SGRQ (r s = 0.327, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Functional capacity on exertion as measured by the TGlittre time is normal in most men with long COVID 3 years after hospitalization. However, this improvement in functional capacity does not seem to be reflected in muscle strength or QoL, requiring continued monitoring even after 3 years.

关键词： stress   coping   childhood maltreatment   COVID-19   PSYCHOPATHOLOGY   SENSITIZATION   DEPRESSION   EXPOSURE   DISORDER   SAMPLE  

摘要： A number of studies now confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased and exacerbated mental health problems in the general population. Previous quantitative studies have found similar effects on mental health symptoms among adults with histories of childhood adversity; however, qualitative research is needed to provide a more in-depth understanding of pandemic-related experiences among this vulnerable population. Using semistructured qualitative interviews, we explored perceptions of adults with histories of child maltreatment and neglect to better understand the overall impact of the pandemic on their mental health, reported changes in stress and alcohol use, and reported coping strategies during the first year of the pandemic (N = 40). Approximately half of participants reported that the pandemic had greatly (negatively) impacted their life, relationships, and well-being. Contributing stressors included being fearful of getting sick, navigating work changes, and experiencing economic and housing hardships, grief and loss, and social isolation. Fewer than half of the sample reported more stress (46%), whereas a third (33%) indicated no changes to stress, and 10% had reduced stress. The majority (80%) indicated no changes in their alcohol use. Most participants reported they used positive coping strategies during the pandemic. Three primary themes emerged related to participants' perceptions of getting through difficult times: seeking outside support, engaging in positive reframing, and drawing on internal strength and resources. Findings can guide prevention strategies that strengthen social support and foster resilience among vulnerable populations of adults with histories of childhood maltreatment.

关键词： Telemedicine   Physician satisfaction   Quality of care   Patient visits   Regression   AMBULATORY-CARE   BURNOUT  

摘要： Objective: The objective of our study is to investigate the impacts of telemedicine technology and its specific tools on physicians' overall satisfaction, quality of care, and percentage of patient visits in ambulatory care settings after the COVID-19 lockdowns. Materials and methods: Data for our analysis was sourced from the 2021 annual National Electronic Health Records Survey (NEHRS), which included 1,875 complete questionnaire responses from physicians in the 2021 NEHRS. We used regression models to test the effects of telemedicine on physicians' overall satisfaction, quality of care, and percentage of patients' visits. Results: We report that telemedicine technology has significant positive effects on physicians' satisfaction with telemedicine and quality of care evaluation, both at an aggregate level and at the disaggregate levels of individual telemedicine features, and partially significant effects on patients' telemedicine visits. Discussion: Telemedicine features that contributed significantly to physician satisfaction and quality of care evaluation were telephone, videoconferencing, standalone telemedicine platform, and telemedicine platform integrated with EHR, while only telephone and integrated telemedicine platform contributed significantly to patients' telemedicine visits. Conclusion: For telemedicine research and practice, this study confirms that telemedicine improves physician satisfaction and quality of care perceptions and will therefore be preferred by physicians. However, telemedicine has a mixed impact on percentage of patient visits, which suggests that providers may have to work harder to regularize telemedicine acceptance among patients in the post-COVID era.

关键词： Covid-19   Public grants   Firm survival   Job retention   Tourism industries   DOSE-RESPONSE FUNCTION   BEHAVIOR  

摘要： This study is one of first large scale evaluations of the impact of government subsidies for tourism firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the population of micro, small, and medium sized tourism enterprises from Croatia, one of the most tourism-intensive European economies, to investigate whether receipt and the size of subsidies helped distressed companies to stay in business and retain their employees during the first two years of the pandemic. In this study, a novel perspective of grant size effect is introduced to examine the effect of public stimuli on the tourism industry. Positive effects of support on firm survival and employment of subsidised firms are inversely proportional to the size of support. Thus, the findings indicate the need for a dynamic and nuanced approach to public support that considers firms' heterogeneity in the tourism sector. This study could help policymakers manage potential future crises more effectively.

关键词： biomarker   COVID-19   hemofilter   microbind affinity filter   SARS-CoV-2  

摘要： IntroductionThe Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity blood filter eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi and toxins from blood *** is a prospective multicenter observational biomarker trial in PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 patients with acute respiratory failure. Biomarkers were sequentially tested at three time ***-two patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected by PCR with acute respiratory failure were included. When receiving hemoperfusion treatment, 27 (64%) patients were on mechanical ventilation, 41 (98%) patients were treated in the ICU. The 3-month survival was 52%. After one hemoperfusion treatment cycle, D-dimer (p = 0.014), hemoglobin (p = 0.003) and LDH (p = 0.001) concentrations were significantly reduced 4 days after treatment. From the multiplex assay IL-1b, CXCL8/ IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, CCL11/Eotaxin, G-CSF, and CXCL10/IP-10 were significantly reduced 1 h after treatment, however not 4 days *** with Seraph 100 Microbind Affinity Filter in patients with severe COVID-19 can transiently reduce several inflammatory biomarkers in the blood.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019   COVID-19   Long COVID-19   Post-COVID-19 syndrome   Redox   Oxidative stress   HUMAN PLASMA   REDOX  

摘要： Background: Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) remains a major health issue worldwide, while its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Systemic oxidative stress (OS) may be involved in PCS, which is reflected by lower circulating free thiols (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups), as they are receptive to rapid oxidation by reactive species. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal dynamics of serum R-SH after SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the development of PCS in individuals with mild COVID-19. Methods: Baseline serum R-SH concentrations were measured and compared between 135 non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and 82 healthy controls (HC). In COVID-19 subjects, serum R-SH concentrations were longitudinally measured during the acute disease phase (up to 3 weeks) and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up, and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were investigated, including the development of PCS. Results: Baseline albumin-adjusted serum R-SH were significantly reduced in non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects as compared to HC (p = 0.041), reflecting systemic OS. In mild COVID-19 subjects, trajectories of albuminadjusted serum R-SH levels over a course of 12 months were longitudinally associated with the future presence of PCS 18 months after initial infection (b = -9.48, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 show evidence of systemic oxidative stress, which is longitudinally associated with the development of PCS. Our results provide a rationale for future studies to further investigate the value of R-SH as a monitoring biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in the development of PCS.