关键词： communicative resilience   flourishing   burnout   turnover   positive deviance   encouragement   SOCIAL SUPPORT   COMMUNITY RESILIENCE   BURNOUT   JOB   STRESS   CARE   EMOTION   EMPATHY   PEOPLE   WORK  

摘要： The pandemic was a prolonged and ongoing work disruption, especially for professional caregivers. This explanatory sequential mixed method study revealed that caregivers' communicative resilience (CR) was positively associated with their experience of flourishing and negatively associated with burnout and intentions to turnover-indicating that CR is, indeed, predictive of the wellbeing of professionals coping with a lengthy disruption at work. Analysis of professional caregivers' (N = 264) survey responses demonstrated that the continuity factor of CR predicted wellbeing outcomes (i.e., flourishing, burnout, and turnover intentions). However, the change factor of CR did not. Then, highly communicatively resilient caregivers (n = 11) were interviewed to explore their lived experiences of flourishing-experiences characterized by positive emotions while doing meaningful and rewarding work. Implications for positive communication scholarship in organizations conclude the paper.

关键词： Urban citizenship   Crisis   COVID 19   Asylum seekers   Israel   MSOs   CITY   CITIES  

摘要： In this article, we explore urban citizenship-making processes for a status-less group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the case of migrant-serving organizations that aid African asylum seekers in Tel Aviv, we argue that urban actors found opportunities during the crisis to support migrants' urban citizenship, by providing access to rights and services that positioned them more than ever as deserving urban subjects. However, as these were enacted gradually, patchworked together, and with little public or political debate, we contextualize them as a phase in an incremental process of migrant urban citizenship-making, which has unfolded over the last two decades. We draw on interviews with Tel Aviv-based actors who worked to address pressing needs of the asylum seeking community during the pandemic, among them migrant-serving NGO workers, community activists, and city officials. We analyze the important advances made through incremental actions, while pointing to some of the challenges. We argue that the incremental process may have improved asylum seekers' access to urban rights and services during the pandemic, but it also failed to institutionalize change and confront systemic exclusions that reinforce their marginalization, thereby missing a window of opportunity for fundamental (urban) citizenship transformation that opened during the crisis.

关键词： Antipsychotic utilization   COVID-19 public health measures   Schizophrenia   UNTREATED PSYCHOSIS   PREVALENCE   DURATION  

摘要： Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures were implemented, yet it is unknown whether these measures affected medication access in those with schizophrenia (SCZ). This study aimed to assess whether the antipsychotic utilization in SCZ changed during the pandemic. Methods: We used dispensed prescription drug data from the Canadian province of Manitoba in individuals with SCZ using linked administrative data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. The quarterly incident and prevalent dispensation of antipsychotics at two periods were compared with the expected trend (April 1, 2015 to April 1, 2020 and 2021) using linear autoregression. We stratified the primary results by age and sex and examined multiple subgroups. Results: There were 9045 individuals with SCZ in the first fiscal quarter of 2020. The prevalent use of the most common antipsychotics were: olanzapine (206.7/1000), risperidone (190.8/1000), quetiapine (174.4/1000), and clozapine (100.9/1000). The overall prevalent use of antipsychotics remained stable during the pandemic compared with the expected trend. A significant decrease in the incident use in April-June 2020 (estimate:-1.3, 95%CI:-2.2,-0.3) was noted compared with the expected. A significantly higher incidence of atypical antipsychotics (estimate: 1.4, 95%CI: 0.2,2.5) and risperidone separately (estimate: 1.8, 95%CI: 0.2,3.3) was noted in 2021 compared with expected. Conclusion: This study found a decline in the receipt of antipsychotics for people with SCZ during the initial implementation of COVID-19 public health measures, particularly on the overall incidence. Future work on investigating the impact of these trends on SCZ outcomes is needed to inform future pandemic-related policies.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   Internet of things   Remote patient monitoring   Machine learning optimization   Particle swarm optimization   Black widow optimization   Iterative deep convolution learning  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of innovative and efficient methods for early detection and diagnosis. Integrating Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications in healthcare has facilitated various functions. This work aims to employ practical artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to extract meaningful information from the vast amount of IoT data to perform disease prediction tasks. However, traditional AI methods need help in feature analysis due to the complexity and scale of IoT data. So, this work implements the optimal iterative COVID-19 classification network (OICC-Net) using machine learning optimization and deep learning approaches. Initially, the preprocessing operation normalizes the dataset with uniform values. Here, random forest infused particle swarm-based black widow optimization (RFI-PS-BWO) algorithm was used to get the disease-specific patterns from SARS-CoV-2 (SC2), and other disease classes, where patterns of the SC2 virus are very similar to those of other virus classes. In addition, an iterative deep convolution learning (IDCL) feature selection method is used to distinguish features from the RFI-PS-BWO data. This iterative process enhances the performance of feature selection by providing improved representation and reducing the dimensionality of the input data. Then, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was employed to classify and identify the extracted features from SC2 with no virus classes. The 1D-CNN model is trained using a large dataset of COVID-19 samples, enabling it to learn intricate patterns and make accurate predictions. It was tested and found that the proposed OICC-Net system is more accurate than current methods, with a score of 99.97 % for F1-score, 100 % for sensitivity, 100 % for specificity, 99.98 % for precision, and 99.99 % for recall. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Physical activity   Social distancing   Exercise   COVID-19   eHealth   Feasibility   HOSPITAL ANXIETY   SELF-EFFICACY   BEHAVIOR   MODEL   FUTURE   SCALE  

摘要： In response to COVID-19 social distancing restrictions, digitally delivered health interventions present as a potential solution for maintaining or improving individuals' physical activity. This study explored the feasibility of a web-based intervention, informed by the multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework to promote PA among individuals affected by social distancing. Fifty adults self-reporting as insufficiently active were randomized to a 6-week web-intervention (n = 27) or wait-list control (n = 23). Primary feasibility outcomes included recruitment and retention rates and usability and satisfaction scores; secondary outcomes of MVPA and M-PAC constructs and tertiary outcomes of mental health and wellbeing were also assessed. Overall, feasibility of the intervention was high, with a 96% recruitment rate, 84% retention rate, high satisfaction and usability scores, and comparable website usage to similar eHealth interventions. Intervention participants trended towards improved MVPA and M-PAC constructs and outcomes of mental health and wellbeing. Findings suggest study extension to a full-scale RCT.

关键词： molecular-based syndromic test   culture-based diagnosis   Real-Time PCR   secondary infection   SARS-CoV-2   antimicrobial-resistance   INFLUENZA-VIRUS   PNEUMONIA  

摘要： We report the use of a new multiplex Real-Time PCR platform to simultaneously identify 24 pathogens and 3 antimicrobial-resistance genes directly from respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients. Results were compared to culture-based diagnosis. Secondary infections were detected in 60% of COVID-19 patients by molecular analysis and 73% by microbiological assays, with no significant differences in accuracy, indicating Gram-negative bacteria as the predominant species. Among fungal superinfections, Aspergillus spp. were detected by both methods in more than 7% of COVID-19 patients. Oxacillin-resistant S. aureus and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were highlighted by both methods. Secondary microbial infections in SARS-CoV-2 patients are associated with poor outcomes and an increased risk of death. Since PCR-based tests significantly reduce the turnaround time to 4 hours and 30 minutes (compared to 48 hours for microbial culture), we strongly support the routine use of molecular techniques, in conjunction with microbiological analysis, to identify co/secondary infections.

关键词： Long COVID   Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19   Central sensitization   Cognitive behavioral therapy   COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY   CHRONIC PAIN   FIBROMYALGIA  

摘要： Objective: Estimates of the prevalence of Long COVID in the United States or worldwide are imprecise, but millions of people are thought to be affected. No effective treatment exists for the often devastating symptoms of Long COVID. Central Sensitization has been postulated as a causal/explanatory mechanism for developing Long COVID. No treatment to date has targeted Central Sensitization. The present cross-sectional study describes the first 140 patients treated in a multi-component treatment program that targets Central Sensitization to reduce symptom burden, improve functioning, and lower the psychological distress observed in these patients. Methods: 140 patients diagnosed with Long COVID after an extensive medical evaluation were assessed for function, depression, and pain catastrophizing using questionnaires and patient satisfaction measures after completion of a 16-h Cognitive Behavioral Therapy treatment program focused on Central Sensitization. Results: Upon admission, patients diagnosed with Long COVID were significantly impaired in their ability to function due to their symptoms. Further, 70% of the patients were depressed. Pain catastrophizing was observed in up to 20% of patients. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction measures were high for the sample at the end of the treatment program suggesting that a multicomponent treatment program targeting Central Sensitization is acceptable to patients. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness and durability of this treatment approach.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   Health attitudes   Narratives   Social norms   Trust game   Vaccines   UNITED-STATES   INSTITUTIONS   PREFERENCES   PROPAGANDA   COMMITMENT   ATTITUDES   BEHAVIOR   CULTURE   RISK  

摘要： To help contain the COVID-19 pandemic, many policymakers and health experts and the media have promoted responsible health behavior by using public narratives highlighting uncooperative behavior, including the lack of social distancing and resistance to various pandemic restrictions and COVID-19 vaccination. However, whether these uncooperative narratives may have detrimental consequences on trust is unclear. Hence, we conducted an online experiment to explore how the exposure to uncooperative and cooperative pandemic narratives affects people's trust in each other. We hypothesized that providing individuals with narratives depicting behaviors that violate (uncooperative narratives) and support pandemic social norms (cooperative narratives) would decrease and increase their trust in others, respectively. We showed that neither of the narratives had any effect on trust.

关键词： antibiotics   anti-infective agents   antimicrobial agent   COVID-19   pandemic   palliative care   EPIDEMIOLOGY   INFECTIONS   GUIDELINES  

摘要： Background:This study aimed to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial consumption in patients assisted by a palliative care (PC) team during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a quaternary hospital. Patients assisted by the PC team in 2020 were selected. The clinical and demographic characteristics, as well as the outcomes, were assessed using electronic records. Results: A total of 181 patients were included in the study, of whom 93.4% had used antimicrobials and 24.3% had had COVID-19. COVID-19 patients were more likely to receive at least one course of antimicrobial therapy. Patients who received polytherapy in the first course of treatment were more likely to die and to be still receiving antimicrobials at death. There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay, new hospitalization in 12 months, nor the time to death among patients who received monotherapy or polytherapy during the first course of antimicrobial ***: There was a large amount of PC patients receiving antimicrobial therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were more likely to receive antimicrobial therapy.

关键词： COVID-19   Public health events   Mental health   Social support   Coping style  

摘要： Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous studies focused on mental health, but few considered both positive and negative aspects within the dual-factor model of psychological well-being. In China, a highly populous country, limited evidence exists regarding mental health and its associated factors following the surge and decline of COVID-19 cases after the loosening of COVID-19 control measures. This study aims to investigate the mental health status of Chinese residents in the aftermath of the pandemic and factors influencing positive and negative indicators using the System-Based Model of Stress. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of 1,026 participants was conducted in China from March 2–31, 2023, using quota sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to test the conceptual model, where social support, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, pandemic-related events, coping style, and concern about COVID-19 were considered as predictors, and psychological distress and subjective well-being as outcomes. Results The results revealed high prevalence rates of psychological distress (23 %) with either of anxiety (15 %) or depression (20 %), and poor subjective well-being (23 %) among Chinese residents after the COVID-19 pandemic. Social support was negatively correlated with psychological distress, and negative coping style, pandemic-related events, and concern about COVID-19 were positively correlated with psychological distress. Moreover, social support was positively correlated with subjective well-being, and negative coping style and pandemic-related events were negatively correlated with subjective well-being. Conclusions These findings enhance our understanding of the differing correlates of positive and negative mental health, suggesting targeted psychological interventions for post-pandemic and future public health events.