关键词： COVID-19   employees   employers   costs   united states   work-loss   economic burden   HCRU   respiratory   J32   J3   J   J00   CARE   ABSENTEEISM  

摘要： ObjectiveDescribe the economic burden of COVID-19 on employers and employees in the United States (US).MethodsA targeted literature review was conducted to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on US-based employers and employees in terms of healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), medical costs, and costs associated with work-loss. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and EconLit using a combination of disease terms, populations, and outcomes to identify articles published from January 2021 to November 4, 2022. As data from the employer perspective were lacking, additional literature related to influenza were included to contextualize the impact of COVID-19, as it shifts into an endemic state, within the existing respiratory illness *** total of 41 articles were included in the literature review. Employer and employee perspectives were not well represented in the literature, and very few articles overlapped on any given outcome. HCRU, costs, and work impairment vary by community transmission levels, industry type, population demographics, telework ability, mitigation implementation measures, and company policies. Work-loss among COVID-19 cases were higher among the unvaccinated and in the week following diagnosis and for some, these continued for 6 months. HCRU is increased in those with COVID-19 and COVID-19-related HCRU can also continue for 6 ***-19 continues to be a considerable burden to employers. The majority of COVID-19 cases impact working age adults. HCRU is mainly driven by outpatient visits, while direct costs are driven by hospitalization. Productivity loss is higher for unvaccinated individuals. An increased focus to support mitigation measures may minimize hospitalizations and work-loss. A data-driven approach to implementation of workplace policies, targeted communications, and access to timely and appropriate therapies for prevention and treatment may reduce health-related work-loss and associated cost burden. In

关键词： Covid-19   pregnancy   depression   anxiety   network analysis   GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER   PRETERM BIRTH   STRESS   CONSEQUENCES  

摘要： AimComparing the anxiety and depression severity and their impact on subsequent birth outcomes in pregnant women before and during Omicron wave in Shanghai in *** depression-anxiety symptoms networks were compared between the pregnant women during the outbreak period (outbreak group; n = 783) and a matched control group of pregnant women before the outbreak (pre-outbreak group; n = 783). The impact of baseline mental state on follow-up pregnancy and neonatal outcomes was also explored by logistic *** of depression and anxiety between the two groups were not significant different. Network analysis showed that central symptom "trouble relaxing" and bridge symptom "depressed mood" shared by both groups. Different symptom associations in different periods of the pandemic. Total scores and sub-symptom scores of prenatal depressive and anxious severities increased the odds ratios of maternal and neonatal syndromes. The influence of mental state on gestational and neonatal outcomes differed across different pandemic *** Omicron wave did not have a significant negative impact on the depressive and anxious mood in pregnant women. Targeting central and bridge symptoms intervention may be effective in reducing their adverse effects on co-occurring of anxious and depressive mood and birth outcomes.

关键词： Circular economy   stakeholders   sustainability   COVID-19 pandemic   firms   Vietnam   McMillan David, University of Stirling, UK   Economics   Development Economics   Environmental   Business, Management and Accounting   SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY   CHINA   BARRIERS   DRIVERS   BUSINESS   MODELS  

摘要： This research aims to examine the influence of stakeholders and the COVID-19 pandemic on the transition towards a circular economy of firms, as well as the consequences of this transition on sustainable development. Using the SEM-PLS model to analyze survey data from 358 international firms, the research indicated that pressure from the COVID-19 outbreak, and the involvement of stakeholders affected the shift to a circular economy. The COVID-19 epidemic has caused huge issues for the whole planet, but it is also seen as a crucial motivator for expediting the move to a circular economy. The transition to the circular economy in companies has been demonstrated to be negatively impacted by obstacles and barriers resulting from stakeholder pressure, while the transition is positively impacted by opportunities and advantages supplied by stakeholders. In addition, the study reveals that the shift to a circular economy will aid multinational firms in achieving sustainable development. A range of recommendations are made in light of the study's results for assisting businesses undertake a transition to a circular economy. The COVID-19 epidemic and rising stakeholder pressures have increased the need to transition to a paradigm of economic development that extends the product life cycle. This study expands the existing knowledge about the stakeholder and COVID-19-driven pressures on firms throughout the globe to adopt a circular economy model and to verify that such an economic model may indeed lead to sustainable development. Based on our research, we recommend that certain stakeholders undertake measures to mitigate the primary obstacle to the adoption of a circular economy inside the organization. This includes resolving challenges such as interdepartmental communication barriers and the ambiguity around departmental duties related to circular economy initiatives inside companies. Furthermore, the emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential to enable the impl

关键词： COVID-19   vaccine   hospitalized patients   booster vaccine dose  

摘要： To assess the impact of vaccines on clinical outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19-infected patients requiring oxygen supplementation during the Beijing Omicron outbreak. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from November 15, 2022, to March 31, 2023. Vaccination statuses were categorized into 3 doses, 2 doses, and unvaccinated (0 dose). The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included poor outcomes, intensive care unit admission, cardiovascular thromboembolism events, and hospital readmission. Among the included patients, 117 were 2 doses, 285 received booster doses, and 503 were unvaccinated. After propensity score inverse probability weighting, the 3 doses group showed a significantly lower 28-day all-cause mortality compared to the unvaccinated group (inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50-0.81). No significant difference was observed in all-cause mortality between the 2 doses and unvaccinated groups. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcome analyses when comparing the 3 doses or 2 doses group to the unvaccinated group. Subgroup analysis revealed significant benefits of booster vaccination in patients with shorter symptom duration, lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, and without immunosuppression status. Our study highlights the significant reduction in all-cause mortality among hospitalized Omicron-infected patients who received a third dose vaccine. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing booster vaccinations, especially among the elderly. Further research is warranted to confirm and extend these observations.

关键词： Dataset   Social Cohesion   Covid-19  

摘要： This Data Note is a brief explanation of a dataset compiled for a study on the relationship between social cohesion and Covid-19. The innovative variable in this cross-country dataset is social cohesion, which appears as a consolidated index and as two sub-indices on, respectively, the interpersonal dimension and the intergroup dimension of social cohesion. This variable is available for 187 countries. We discuss the underlying indicators, provide their sources and a link to the full dataset. In addition, we provide information about the online, freely available database called Indices of Social Development of which the social cohesion sub-indices make part. With our explanation of the theoretical background, substance of the indicators, and construction of the three social cohesion indices, we hope to inspire researchers to use them in their own cross-country research.

关键词： Xinjiang region   COVID-19 lockdown   night-time light remote sensing   spatiotemporal changes   comparative analysis   human activity intensity   MEGACITIES   SHANGHAI   IMAGES  

摘要： China used to have the world's most stringent prevention policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strict lockdown in Xinjiang region in 2022 was considered to be the longest in the process of COVID-19 pandemic prevention. Therefore, we examined the dynamic effects of the COVID-19 lockdown in Xinjiang region using night-time light data. The findings showed that before the outbreak of COVID-19, the night-time light in Xinjiang region still maintained a significant growth. However, after the lockdown of COVID-19 in August 2022, the night-time light showed a significant decrease, especially in August. Urumqi's night-time light decreased by at least 25% compared to the non-lockdown, while that in other major cities was between 5% and 15%. After the lockdown was lifted in November 2022, the night-time light in Urumqi increased by at least 50% compared to the lockdown, while that in other major cities was generally less than 30%. The regions where night-time light decreased in Urumqi were mainly within a radius of 40 km, whereas that in other cities were mainly concentrated within a radius of 6 km. The changes in statistical data and night-time light indicated that the economic activities in Xinjiang region were significantly affected by the COVID-19 lockdown.

关键词： Work-family balance   COVID-19   teleworking   gender differences   non-formal education   values education   co-responsibility   LIFE BALANCE   ENRICHMENT   CONFLICT  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has led transformative changes worldwide, significantly affecting work-family balance. This cross-sectional survey study conducted during the early stages of the global pandemic (April-to-May 2020) presents findings from a snowball convenience sample of 383 employed adults with children in Spain. It delves into the evolving dynamics of work-family conciliation during confinement. The study findings unveil two distinct family profiles: those grappling with substantial work-family challenges (63.9%) and those experiencing minimal disruptions (36.3%). Noteworthy are the significant gender-related differences, family size, and the perception of personal freedom as pivotal factors shaping these profiles. The current study underscores the urgency of democratizing family life and elevating work-family conciliation as a core element of values education in a post-pandemic world.

关键词： COVID-19   vaccination   vaccine acceptance   vaccine confidence   vaccine hesitancy   Tanzania   HESITANCY  

摘要： COVID-19 vaccination effectively reduces disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality, particularly among individuals with chronic conditions who bear a disproportionate burden of disease complications. Vaccine confidence - belief in its safety, effectiveness, and importance - boosts uptake. However, limited data on vaccine confidence in this population hinders the development of targeted interventions. This study examined COVID-19 vaccine confidence and its impact on uptake among individuals with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2023 among 646 randomly selected adults aged >= 18 years with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in three districts of Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. An interviewer-administered electronic questionnaire assessed confidence and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in addition to related knowledge and demographic characteristics. Data analysis was done for 646 individuals who consented to participate. Multivariable logistic regression models determined the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine confidence and its effect on vaccine uptake. The proportion of COVID-19 vaccine confidence among all 646 participants was 70% and was highest for perceived vaccine importance (80%), followed by perceived vaccine effectiveness (77%) and perceived vaccine safety (74%). Good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines and living in the Mwanga municipal council (MC), a semi-urban district, was independently associated with confidence in the vaccines' importance, safety, effectiveness, and overall COVID-19 vaccine confidence. Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines increased the odds of vaccine uptake. Targeted interventions to boost vaccine confidence are therefore essential to enhance vaccine uptake in this high-risk population.

关键词： Medical image analysis   image enhancement   multi-task learning   Covid-19 diagnosis  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the vital need for accurate lung infection diagnosis to guide effective medical interventions. In response, this research introduces a novel deep multi-task model that seamlessly integrates segmentation and classification tasks for the detection of COVID-19 in CT scan images. This innovative model leverages a shared encoder for feature extraction, a dedicated decoder for segmentation, and a multi-layer perceptron for classification. The primary objective of this model is to address the challenge of task imbalance introduced by the application of image processing algorithms in the multi-task models. Our study involves a two-stage evaluation. Initially, we apply the proposed multi-task model with image processing algorithms to highlight task imbalance. Subsequently, we balance tasks by combining binary image processing algorithms. Evaluation on four datasets shows impressive results with a Dice coefficient of 88.91 +/- 0.01 for segmentation and 0.97 classification accuracy. In summary, this model advances medical image analysis for enhanced diagnostic precision in healthcare.

关键词： CD63   CD81   coagulation   COVID-19   CD41/61   CD9   extracellular vesicles   subpopulation   high sensitivity flow cytometry   lactadherin   SP-IRIS  

摘要： Coagulation disturbances are major contributors to COVID-19 pathogenicity, but limited data exist on the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and residual cells (RCs). Fifty hospitalized COVID-19 patients stratified by their D-dimer levels into high (>1.5 mg/L, n = 15) or low (<= 1.5 mg/l, n = 35) and 10 healthy controls were assessed for medium-sized EVs (mEVs; 200-1000 nm) and large EVs/RCs (1000-4000 nm) by high sensitivity flow cytometry. EVs were analyzed for CD61, CD235a, CD45, and CD31, commonly used to detect platelets, red blood cells, leukocytes or endothelial cells, respectively, whilst phosphatidyl serine EVs/RCs were detected by lactadherin-binding implicating procoagulant catalytic surface. Small EV detection (sEVs; 50-200 nm) and CD41a (platelet integrin) colocalization with general EV markers CD9, CD63, and CD81 were performed by single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor. Patients with increased D-dimer exhibited the highest number of RCs and sEVs irrespective of cell origin (p < .05). Platelet activation, reflected by increased CD61+ and lactadherin+ mEV and RC levels, associated with coagulation disturbances. Patients with low D-dimer could be discriminated from controls by tetraspanin signatures of the CD41a+ sEVs, suggesting the changes in the circulating platelet sEV subpopulations may offer added prognostic value during COVID progression.