关键词： COVID-19 vaccines   Jordan   T-cells   flow cytometry analysis  

摘要： Various COVID-19 vaccines can affect the immune system. Discrepancies have been noted in immune system characteristics, such as T-lymphocyte levels, between vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. This study investigates the variations in immune responses among the four administered COVID-19 vaccines, influencing factors, and clinical outcomes in Jordan. A total of 350 adults, who were at least two doses vaccinated, were interviewed and blood samples were collected for subsequent laboratory analyses. The study involved the quantification of T-cells specifically targeting anti-SARS CoV-2 using Flow cytometry analysis. BNT162b2 (Pfizer) recipients displayed significantly higher CD3+/CD4+ T-helper cell responses (90.84%, 87.46% - 94.22%) compared to non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients {BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute), then ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca)} (83.62%, 77.91% - 89.33%). The CD3+/CD8+ (T cytotoxic) level was notably elevated in non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients {Sinopharm and Sputnik V then ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AstraZeneca (73.94%, 69.38% - 78.49%) compared to BNT162b2 (Pfizer) recipients (58.26%, 53.07% - 63.44%). The CD3+ (T-cells) level showed no significant difference between BNT162b2 recipients (73.74%) and non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients (77.83%), with both types generating T-cells. Comparing two doses of non-Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines with the third dose of BNT162b2 recipients (Pfizer), no difference in the type of immune reaction was observed, with non-Pfizer-BioNTech recipients still stimulating endogenous pathways like cell-mediated cytotoxic effects for cells. All COVID-19 vaccines administered in Jordan were effective, with respect to the total number of T cells. Non-Pfizer-BioNTech had higher in toxic T-cells and Pfizer-BioNTech was higher in helper T-cells that stimulate plasma cells to produce antibodies.

关键词： COVID-19   Vaccination   High-risk population   Mortality   Real-world data   VARIANT  

摘要： We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in reducing mortality rates in a country with a low vaccination coverage. A retrospective cohort study analysed data from 1,048,574 adult (>= 18) patients spanning from March 2020 to April 2022, using data from the national digital medical record repository. Univariate analysis and logistic regression calculated odds ratios and their significance. Propensity score matching was utilised to strengthen the statistical results. Among the 1,048,574 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 73% (n = 780,718) were unvaccinated, and 27% (n = 267,856) were reported as fully vaccinated. Unadjusted statistical analyses revealed a significant reduction in mortality rates among the vaccinated cohort (1,608 deaths; 0.6%) compared to the unvaccinated group (40,985 deaths; 5.2%) [OR 0.1090 (95%CI 0.1037 to 0.1146), p < 0.0001]. This outcome was consistent across all subgroups, including patient sex, age group, in-hospital setting, vaccine type, SARS-CoV-2 variant, and high-risk patient groups (i.e. with a solid malignancy, cardiovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease or diabetes mellitus). Logistic regression revealed that the highest fatal risk was in non-vaccinated males aged >63. Propensity score matching substantiated the observed reduction in mortality rates across the entire vaccinated cohort and within all patient subgroups. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 face an elevated risk of premature mortality. Vaccination, especially when utilising mRNA-based platforms, significantly mitigates this risk, particularly among high-risk populations.

关键词： Virus   epidemiology   microbiology   pandemic   child   several infections   TRACT INFECTIONS   PATHOGENS   INFLUENZA   VIRUSES   IMPACT  

摘要： Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus   coronavirus disease 2019   bioinformatics   common differentially expressed genes   small molecule compound drugs   INFECTIONS   SUSCEPTIBILITY   CHLOROQUINE   INTERFERON   THERAPY   BINDING   KINASE   RISK   1ST  

摘要： BackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought a heavy burden to the world, interestingly, it shares many clinical symptoms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is unclear whether there is a similar pathological process between COVID-9 and SLE. In addition, we don't know how to treat SLE patients with COVID-19. In this study, we analyse the potential similar pathogenesis between SLE and COVID-19 and explore their possible drug regimens using bioinformatics and systems biology *** common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from the COVID-19 datasets and the SLE datasets for functional enrichment, pathway analysis and candidate drug *** on the two transcriptome datasets between COVID-19 and SLE, 325 common DEGs were selected. Hub genes were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. few found a variety of similar functional changes between COVID-19 and SLE, which may be related to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Besides, we explored the related regulatory networks. Then, through drug target matching, we found many candidate drugs for patients with COVID-19 only or COVID-19 combined with ***-19 and SLE patients share many common hub genes, related pathways and regulatory networks. Based on these common targets, we found many potential drugs that could be used in treating patient with COVID-19 or COVID-19 combined with SLE.

关键词： COVID-19   Policy Model Consistency (PMC) Index   stock impact   INFLATION  

摘要： The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic produced adverse effects which spreads globally and throughout all the nations. During the outbreak, governments announced emergency policies geared to control the situation. Subsequently, researchers have attempted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these policies. We developed a method for evaluating COVID-19 policy in Thailand from January 2020 to March 2022. The Policy Model Consistency (PMC) Index is introduced as the primary model with 10 powerful indicators for policy evaluation. Additionally, the stock price changes while the COVID-19 policy was being enforced, as recorded in the Securities Exchange of Thailand (SET) database, are also observed with the other indicators for a measure of public confidence. All indicators are scored on a binary basis based on the policy consistency. The result of PMC-score is outputted as a contour surface graph. The PMC-surface result shows the good and adverse point of the policy to a policymaker, and it is successfully discussed to present the internal relationship of the indicators from the policymaker's perspective. This tool benefits policymakers by facilitating early identification of policy's strengths and weaknesses and the findings of policy angles in all related perspectives are significant to policymakers to address and improve in the next enhancement as well.

关键词： Healthcare accessibility   multiple transport modes   inequity   aging society   COVID-19   MEASURING SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY   PUBLIC-HEALTH   SERVICES   EQUITY   INEQUALITY   FACILITIES   MORTALITY   IMPACT  

摘要： Evaluating the inequity of healthcare accessibility across demographic groups in the post-COVID era is of critical importance for an aging society like Japan - it helps to achieve better social equity via distributing healthcare resources in health planning and policy making. Our study contributes to the first post-covid evaluation of multi-modal healthcare accessibility in Tokyo, Japan, the most populated metropolis in the world. A further novelty goes to the multi-dimensional examination of the inequity of healthcare accessibility (i.e. hospitals) by public transit, driving and walking - the horizontal inequity across urban space and the vertical inequity across three demographic groups (the young, adult and elderly) through network analysis, spatial accessibility analysis and inequity indexing. We find that low healthcare access areas mainly appear in the peri-urban space as well as regions less covered by public transit. Compared to the adult group, the elderly group experiences significant inequity of healthcare access particularly in the peri-urban areas where driving is the dominant transport mode to access healthcare facilities. We provide timely evidence to the Japanese government and health authorities to have a holistic and latest understanding of multi-modal healthcare access across different demographic groups in the post-COVID era.

关键词： Pandemic   community   remoteness   strengths   resilience   environment  

摘要： Remote Arctic communities have often been depicted as being particularly vulnerable to the challenges of disasters, with their location and lack of infrastructure exacerbating risk. This study explores the characteristics of local resilience in the Arctic using the case study of the communities of the north-western Westfjords. A total of 42 semi-structured interviews were carried out with various community members, seeking to uncover the features of inbuilt resilience that contribute to successes and vulnerabilities. These were transcribed, coded, and categorised in relation to an integrated framework for assessing community resilience in disaster management, which groups topics via the themes of environmental, social, governance, economic, and infrastructure. All themes played a role in the success of local coping strategies, with easy access to the natural environment central to physical and mental well-being. Despite this, vulnerabilities of the community were evident, including insufficient local healthcare workers during a severe COVID-19 outbreak in a care home, the absence of a local quarantine hotel, and insufficient information in foreign languages for non-natives of Iceland. The general trend of following rules and expert advice was demonstrative of strong social capital, with locals trusting those in charge, nationally and locally, to manage the pandemic.

关键词： Kidney damage   COVID-19   chronic kidney disease   acute kidney injury   SARS-CoV-2   HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS   CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS   DISEASE   INJURY   AKI   MECHANISMS   FIBROSIS   OUTCOMES  

摘要： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infection is well established as a systemic disease including kidney damage. The entry point into the renal cell remains the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor and the spectrum of renal lesions is broad, with a clear predominance of structural and functional tubular lesions. The most common form of glomerular injury is collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), which is strongly associated with apolipoprotein L1(APOL-1) risk variants. These acute lesions, which are secondary to the direct or indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2, can progress to chronicity and are specific to long COVID-19 in the absence of any other cause. Residual inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to acute kidney injury (AKI) as a transitional state with or without severe histological lesions, may be responsible for greater kidney function decline in mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This review discusses the evidence for renal histological markers of chronicity in COVID-19 patients and triggers of low-grade inflammation that may explain the decline in kidney function in the post-COVID-19 period.

关键词： Emerging adult   young adult   theory of planned behavior   vaccine hesitancy   COVID-19   booster vaccine  

摘要： Young adults experience high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence yet have the lowest vaccination and booster rates among adults. Understanding the factors influencing their intentions regarding boosters is essential for crafting effective public health strategies. We examined the psychosocial factors (attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control) associated with their intentions to receive a COVID-19 booster. This cross-sectional study included 292 young adults aged 18-25 residing in Philadelphia who completed an online survey from September 2021 and February 2022 (mean age 21.98, standard deviation 2.25; 51% racial/ethnic minorities). The survey included measures of attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control related to COVID-19 vaccination. We employed structural equation modeling analysis to examine the intention of young adults to receive the COVID-19 booster and their vaccine-related attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control. Covariates included race/ethnicity and gender. Subjective norms were significantly associated with the intention to receive a COVID-19 booster (standardized beta = 0.685, p = .018). Attitudes and perceived behavioral control showed no significant association with intention. Subgroup analyses based on race/ethnicity revealed that attitudes (standardized beta = 0.488, p = .004) and subjective norms (standardized beta = 0.451, p = .050) were predictors among young adults from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds, while only subjective norms (standardized beta = 1.104, p = .002) were significant for non-Hispanic White young adults. Public health efforts should prioritize engaging healthcare providers and peer groups in order to influence subjective norms and promote collective responsibility and acceptance for vaccination. Tailored interventions and diverse communication strategies targeting specific subgroups of young adults may be useful to ensure comprehensive and effective vaccination initiatives.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine   influenza vaccine   co-administration   V-safe   IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES   ADVISORY-COMMITTEE   INTERIM RECOMMENDATIONS   VACCINATION   ADULTS  

摘要： Introduction COVID-19 vaccines may be administered with other vaccines during the same healthcare visit. COVID-19 monovalent (Fall 2021) and bivalent (Fall 2022) vaccine recommendations coincided with annual seasonal influenza vaccination. Data describing the frequency of the co-administration of COVID-19 vaccines with other vaccines are limited. Methods We used V-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based U.S. safety surveillance system established by the CDC, to describe trends in the administration of COVID-19 vaccines with other vaccines reported to V-safe during December 14, 2020 - May 19, 2023. Results Of the 21 million COVID-19 vaccinations reported to V-safe, 2.2% (459,817) were administered with at least 1 other vaccine. Co-administration most frequently occurred during the first week of October 2023 (27,092; 44.1%). Most reports of co-administration included influenza vaccine (393,003; 85.5%). Co-administration was most frequently reported for registrants aged 6 months-6 years (4,872; 4.4%). Conclusion Reports of co-administration to V-safe peaked during October 2023, when influenza vaccination most often occurs, possibly reflecting increased opportunities for multiple vaccinations and greater acceptability of the co-administration of COVID-19 vaccine with other vaccines, especially influenza vaccine.