关键词： Flux   disaggregation   coronavirus   footprint   Hestia   INFLUX   Indiana   CARBON-DIOXIDE   URBAN AREA   EXCHANGE   QUANTIFICATION   SCALE  

摘要： Eddy-covariance (EC) flux measurements in Indianapolis were used to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on CO and CO2 emissions from a highway and a suburban neighborhood. CO2 fluxes were measured for 6 weeks pre-lockdown (January 22, 2020-March 3, 2020) and during lockdown (March 25, 2020- May 5, 2020) using EC instrumentation at 41 m AGL. Fossil fuel CO2 emissions (CO(2)ff) were estimated by calculating eddy diffusivity to obtain CO flux and then scaling by the CO:CO(2)ff emissions ratio (R-CO). Flux measurements segregated by wind direction were compared to hourly emissions from the 2020 Hestia inventory model. The lockdown CO(2)ff average weekday emissions from the highway estimated by EC decreased by 51.5 +/- 10.9% (11.2 +/- 2.2 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) compared to pre-lockdown, similar to Hestia's estimate 56 +/- 7% (12 +/- 1 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). The EC measurements detected a significant (2.2 +/- 0.7 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) but smaller magnitude decrease in CO(2)ff emissions from the suburban neighborhood. The daily cycles of CO(2)ff emissions were significantly correlated with Hestia estimates from the highway but not from the suburbs. This study demonstrates that EC flux towers and high-resolution inventory models in regions with mixed and spatially heterogeneous sources can quantify abrupt changes in sector- and source-specific CO2 fluxes.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine   vaccine safety   mortality   mRNA vaccine   nested case-control study  

摘要： Although previous studies have shown no increased mortality risk after the primary series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, reports on booster doses are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate mortality risk after the mRNA vaccine boosters in addition to the primary series. This nested case-control study included two age-specific cohorts (18-64 and >= 65 years as of February 1, 2021) in two municipalities. All deaths were identified and matched five controls for each case at each date of death (index date) with risk set sampling according to municipality, age, and sex. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mRNA vaccines (first to fifth doses) were estimated by comparing with no vaccination within 21 and 42 days before the index date using a conditional logistic regression model. The 18-64-years cohort comprised 431 cases (mean age, 57.0 years; men, 58.2%) and 2,155 controls (mean age, 56.0; men, 58.2%), whereas the >= 65-years cohort comprised 12,166 cases (84.0; 50.2%) and 60,830 controls (84.0, 50.2%). The aORs (95% CI) in 0-21 days after the third and fourth doses in the 18-64-years cohort were 0.62 (0.24, 1.62) and 0.38 (0.08, 1.84), respectively. The aORs (95% CI) after the third to fifth doses in the >= 65 years cohort were 0.36 (0.31, 0.43), 0.30 (0.25, 0.37), and 0.26 (0.20, 0.33), respectively. In conclusion, booster doses of mRNA vaccines do not increase mortality risk. These findings could help subsequent vaccine campaigns and alleviate vaccine hesitancy.

关键词： Moral distress   moral stress   emergency departments   hospitals   Covid-19   PALLIATIVE CARE   HEALTH  

摘要： PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic and consequent strain on healthcare globally shed light on the concept of moral distress among healthcare workers, albeit to a smaller extent among doctors at emergency departments. This study aimed to examine moral distress as perceived by medical doctors working at emergency departments in Stockholm during the pandemic, with the purpose of investigating causes of moral distress and methods to manage moral ***-structured interviews were conducted with twelve doctors working at two emergency departments. A questionnaire was developed based on previous research and the interviews were analysed qualitatively through thematic *** themes "The factors that precipitated moral distress", "Experience of workplace support" and "Coping strategies" as well as seven subthemes and 15 codes were identified. The informants reported on various situations with different causes of moral distress. Common causes were resource depletion, such as hospital bed shortages, and following stricter triage criteria. Informants reported varying ways of managing moral *** experienced moral distress when faced with challenges such as resource depletion, rules and regulations, and colleagues' decisions. The informants who chose to seek support received it from their workplace, which helped them cope with their experiences. Some informants chose to not seek support.

关键词： COVID-19   vaccination   vaccine hesitancy   vaccine acceptance   vaccine equity   structural determinants of health   medical mistrust   racial/ethnic minority   LGBTQ   Canada   UNITED-STATES   POPULATIONS   HESITANCY   ACCEPTABILITY   ORIENTATION   OUTCOMES  

摘要： High levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been reported among Black and Latinx populations, with lower vaccination coverage among racialized versus White sexual and gender minorities. We examined multilevel contexts that influence COVID-19 vaccine uptake, barriers to vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy among predominantly racialized sexual and gender minority individuals. Semi-structured online interviews explored perspectives and experiences around COVID-19 vaccination. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, uploaded into ***, and reviewed using thematic analysis. Among 40 participants (mean age, 29.0 years [SD, 9.6]), all identified as sexual and/or gender minority, 82.5% of whom were racialized. COVID-19 vaccination experiences were dominated by structural barriers: systemic racism, transphobia and homophobia in healthcare and government/public health institutions; limited availability of vaccination/appointments in vulnerable neighborhoods; absence of culturally-tailored and multi-language information; lack of digital/internet access; and prohibitive indirect costs of vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy reflected in uncertainties about a novel vaccine amid conflicting information and institutional mistrust was integrally linked to structural factors. Findings suggest that the uncritical application of "vaccine hesitancy" to unilaterally explain undervaccination among marginalized populations risks conflating structural and institutional barriers with individual-level psychological factors, in effect placing the onus on those most disenfranchised to overcome societal and institutional processes of marginalization. Rather, disaggregating structural determinants of vaccination availability, access, and institutional stigma and mistrust from individual attitudes and decision-making that reflect vaccine hesitancy, may support 1) evidence-informed interventions to mitigate structural barriers in access to vaccination, and 2) culturally-informed approaches to addre

关键词： Intersectionality   intersectional methods   COVID-19   public health   scoping review   DETERMINANTS  

摘要： PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and became a global health crisis with devastating impacts. This scoping review maps the key findings of research about the pandemic that has operationalized intersectional research methods around the world. It also tracks how these studies have engaged with methodological tenets of oppression, comparison, relationality, complexity, and *** search resulted in 14,487 articles, 5164 of which were duplicates, and 9297 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In total, 14 articles were included in this review. We used thematic analysis to analyse themes within this work and Misra et al. (2021) intersectional research framework to analyse the uptake of intersectional methods within such *** research related to the COVID-19 pandemic globally is paying attention to issues around the financial impacts of the pandemic, discrimination, gendered impacts, impacts of and on social ties, and implications for mental health. We also found strong uptake of centring research in the context of oppression, but less attention is being paid to comparison, relationality, complexity, and *** findings show the importance of intersectional research within public health policy formation, as well as room for greater rigour in the use of intersectional methods.

关键词： HPV vaccine   human papillomavirus vaccination   preventable cancers   stakeholders   providers   system level workers   HPV vaccine uptake factors   COVID-19 pandemic related disruptions   school-based HPV immunization programme   barriers and facilitators   HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE   HEALTH  

摘要： Despite successfully implementing the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine (HPVV) program, Saskatchewan (SK) struggled to improve HPVV uptake rates. This suboptimal uptake of HPVV with a status quo of HPV-linked cervical cancer incidence rate is mainly because HPVV's impact on cancer prevention has not been realized adequately by vaccine providers and receivers. Further exploration of determinants of HPVV uptake is required to uncover high-resolution quality improvement targets for investment and situate contextually appropriate policies to improve its uptake. The study undertook a qualitative inquiry into understanding stakeholders' perspectives on HPVV experience through school-based programmes. It collected data through semi-structured initial interviews (N = 16) and follow-up interviews (N = 10) from across Saskatchewan's four Integrated Service Areas. Document analysis was conducted on all publicly available documents that included information on HPVV from January 2015 to July 2023. Thematic analysis of the data identified that inadequate information, awareness and education about HPV infection and HPVV among several groups, especially, parents, youth and school staff, was the main barrier to optimal HPVV uptake. Vaccine-related logistics, including the technical and text-heavy vaccine information sheet, understaffing, and time constraints, were other important factors that impeded HPVV uptake. A person-centred approach could educate parents in multiple dimensions.

关键词： Influenza vaccination   COVID-19   coverage   children   elder people   HESITANCY   POLICY  

摘要： The vaccination rate for seasonal influenza remains low in most regions of China. It is essential to understand the factors that associated with the low influenza vaccination rate in various populations after the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. Respondents' vaccination condition during the 2021-2022 flu season and the reasons for receiving or not receiving influenza vaccine were investigated. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore potential factors influencing vaccination uptake. 2,476 of 14,001 respondents received an influenza vaccine, with a total coverage of 17.68% (95% CI: 17.05%, 18.32%). Children had the highest vaccination coverage (35.68%; 95% CI: 34.02, 37.33), followed by adults (12.75%; 95% CI: 11.91%, 13.58%) and elderly individuals (11.70%, 95% CI: 10.78%, 12.62%). For children, lower household income was an significant promoting factor. For adults, factors significantly associated with vaccination were household income, sex, and education level. For elderly, factors significantly associated with vaccination were household income, education level, living state, and having underlying diseases. (P < .05)The main reason for vaccine hesitancy among children was worried about side effects (21.49%), for adults and elderly was self-rated good health (adults: 37.14%, elderly people: 30.66%). The overall influenza vaccination coverage rate in Shanghai, especially among elderly individuals, is lower than many developed countries. Appropriate strategies and programs targeting different populations need to be implemented to enhance influenza vaccine coverage. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY The vaccination rate for seasonal influenza remains low in most regions of China. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in public awareness regarding the prevention and control of infectious diseases and changes in people's health behaviors thus may leading to changes in influ

关键词： Pregnancy   neonate   COVID-19   Omicron   outcomes   PERIOD  

摘要： The impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and newborns continues to be a critical societal concern. However, the majority of research focuses on the disease resulting from the early pandemic variants, without sufficient study on the more recent BA.5.2/BF.7. We retrospectively recruited pregnant women giving birth during the surge of the BA.5.2/BF.7 and analysed the risk impact of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Furthermore, subjects matched through propensity scores were used for the analysis of clinical laboratory tests. A total of 818 pregnant women were enrolled, among 276 (33.7%) were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during childbirth. COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of a hospital length of stay equal to or greater than seven days and neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, with an aHR of 2.03 (95% CI, 1.22-3.38) and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.12-2.03), respectively. In the analysis of 462 matched subjects, it was found that subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 tended slight leucopenia and coagulation abnormalities. We found that during the surge of the BA.5.2/BF.7, COVID-19 increased the risk of maternal and neonatal outcomes among Chinese pregnant women. This finding offers significant insights to guide clinical practices involving pregnant women infected with the recently emerged Omicron subvariants.

关键词： Monetary policy   interest rate   money supply   financial markets   stock market   bond market   Covid-19 pandemic   David McMillan, University of Stirling, UK   Quantitative Finance   Economics   Macroeconomics   Monetary Economics   Political Economy   Finance   Public Finance   Business   Management and Accounting   STOCK MARKETS   COUNTRIES   RETURNS   G7  

摘要： This study analyzes the effect of monetary policy, measured by interest rates and money supply, on financial markets. Furthermore, it studies the impact of a crisis on monetary policy's influence on financial markets. The stock and the bond market are used to reflect financial markets. This quantitative study is based on daily data from Thailand before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic for 15 years. The article finds that interest rate and money supply increases lead to increased stock returns and increased government bond yields. Moreover, during a crisis, interest rate and money supply changes have a larger impact on stock returns and bond yields. The greater the severity of a crisis, the larger the effect of interest rate and money supply changes on financial markets. The results suggest that the central bank may use monetary policy to a different extent during a crisis than during normal times. Investors should consider adjusting their investment strategies during times of crisis to account for the larger impact of monetary policy on financial markets.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   prophylactic protection   monoclonal antibody   variants of concern   F61   NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES   INFECTION   EFFICACY  

摘要： Following the national dynamic zero-COVID strategy adjustment, the utilization of broad-spectrum nasal neutralizing antibodies may offer an alternative approach to controlling the outbreak of Omicron variants between late 2022 and early 2023 in China. This study involved an investigator-initiated trial (IIT) to assess the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy of the F61 nasal spray. A total of 2,008 participants were randomly assigned to receive F61 nasal spray (24 mg/0.8 mL/dose) or normal saline (0.8 mL/dose) and 1336 completed the follow-up in the IIT. Minimal absorption of F61 antibody into the bloodstream was detected in individuals receiving F61 nasal spray for seven consecutive days. No treatment-emergent adverse reactions of grade 3 severity or higher were reported. In the one-dose cohort, the 7-day cumulative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 79.0% in the F61 group and 82.6% in the placebo group, whereas, in the multiple-dose (once daily for 7 consecutive days) cohort, the rates were 6.55% in the F61 group and 23.83% in the placebo group. The laboratory-confirmed efficacy of F61 was 3.78% (-3.74%-10.75%) in the one-dose cohort and 72.19% (57.33%-81.87%) in the multiple-dose cohort. In the real-world study, 60,225 volunteers in four different regions were administered the F61 nasal spray based on the subject's wishes, over 90% efficacy rate was observed against different Omicron variants. The F61 nasal spray, with its favourable safety profile, could be a promising prophylactic monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.