关键词： Vaccine   factors   pertussis  

关键词： COVID-19   aerosolized Ad5-nCoV   mucosal   booster   relative effectiveness   DOUBLE-BLIND   SAFETY   IMMUNOGENICITY   EFFICACY  

摘要： We administered a questionnaire to participants who received different vaccination regimens to evaluate the effectiveness of Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that administration of intramuscular Ad5-nCoV provided 21.32% more protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection than that of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in people who had received only one type of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, aerosolized Ad5-nCoV exhibited good protection, whether it was administered as a homologous booster to people vaccinated with the intramuscular Ad5-nCoV or as a heterologous booster to people vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Our research indicates that Ad5-nCoV is an effective booster. This finding supports the future selection of COVID-19 immunization strategies.

关键词： Covid-19   job loss   ARDL   GARCH-M   Malaysia   E20   I10   J64   MACROECONOMIC TIME-SERIES   RANDOM-WALKS   COINTEGRATION   HEALTH   TRENDS   RISK  

摘要： This study employs a suitable volatility model that examines the impact of COVID-19 new cases and deaths on the volatility of daily job loss in Malaysia. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) were employed as the modelling strategy to estimate daily data from January to December 2020. In addition, the asymmetric GARCH-M (EGARCH-M, TGARCH-M, and PGARCH-M) were further applied. The findings from different versions of the ARDL(p,q1,q2)-(E,T,P)GARCH(1,1)-M model show that the ARDL-EGARCH-M model can capture the volatility and clustering of variability in job loss. The findings revealed asymmetry effects, suggesting that negative shocks (bad news) in a pandemic period increased volatility in job loss compared to positive shocks (good news). Policy implications relating to lockdown measures and news signals were provided.

关键词： Maori   Indigenous   Pacific   COVID-19 pandemic   childhood vaccines   perceptions   equity   caregivers   healthcare professionals  

摘要： In Aotearoa New Zealand, there has been a marked decrease in the uptake of routine childhood vaccinations since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among Maori and Pacific children. This Maori and Pacific-centered research used an interpretive description methodology. We undertook culturally informed interviews and discussions with Maori and Pacific caregivers (n = 24) and healthcare professionals (n = 13) to understand their perceptions of routine childhood vaccines. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and privileged respective Maori and Pacific worldviews. Four themes were constructed. "We go with the norm" reflected how social norms, health personnel and institutions promoted (and sometimes coerced) participants' acceptance of routine vaccines before the pandemic. "Everything became difficult" explains how the pandemic added challenges to the daily struggles of whanau (extended family networks) and healthcare professionals. Participants noted how information sources influenced disease and vaccine perceptions and health behaviors. "It needed to have an ethnic-specific approach" highlighted the inappropriateness of Western-centric strategies that dominated during the initial pandemic response that did not meet the needs of Maori and Pacific communities. Participants advocated for whanau-centric vaccination efforts. "People are now finding their voice" expressed renewed agency among whanau about vaccination following the immense pressure to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The pandemic created an opportune time to support informed parental vaccine decision-making in a manner that enhances the mana (authority, control) of whanau. Maori and Pacific-led vaccination strategies should be embedded in immunization service delivery to improve uptake and immunization experiences for whanau.

关键词： Mobile health acceptance   performance expectancy   effort expectancy   facilitating conditions   attitudes   subjective norms   perceived behavioral control   USER ACCEPTANCE   DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES   SERVICE QUALITY   ADOPTION   TECHNOLOGY   VARIABLES   BEHAVIOR   GAP   TAM  

摘要： The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or popularly the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought significant public health challenges globally. During the crisis, mobile health (m-health) services were implemented to expedite fast, convenient and reliable dissemination of health information to the public. Meanwhile, the adoption of m-health faced high uncertainty alike other COVID-19 regulatory methods. This study examines the antecedents of m-health acceptance among Zimbabwean university students. Whilst research on m-health adoption during the pandemic is still scarce, this study becomes the first to integrate the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to predict m-health adoption in a developing country. An explanatory design and a quantitative research approach were employed. Based on 271 valid responses, Structural Equation Modelling was used to estimate the proposed model. The findings revealed the positive effect of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, attitudes, behavioral norms, perceived behavioral control on behavioral intention to adopt m-health with a higher R square value (80.4%) than the original UTAUT model. The study also confirmed the positive influence of behavioral intention on m-health usage (R square = 41.5%). Health promoters were urged to design messages that stimulate positive attitudes, appeal to social groupings and improve user's self-efficacy. M-health services should also foster use simplicity, ease of use and health value to entice m-health adoption among consumers. The study also provides an important baseline for the integration of behavioral theoretical models to enhance their predictive strength.

关键词： COVID-19 mutation prediction   Transformer encoder   Machine learning-based models   GridSearchCV hyperparameter tuning   SARS-CoV-2   ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE   CLASSIFICATION   IMPACT  

摘要： The development of vaccines and drugs is very important in combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus. The effectiveness of these developed vaccines and drugs has decreased as a result of the mutation of the COVID-19 virus. Therefore, it is very important to combat COVID-19 mutations. The majority of studies published in the literature are studies other than COVID-19 mutation prediction. We focused on this gap in this study. This study proposes a robust transformer encoder based model with Adam optimizer algorithm called TfrAdmCov for COVID-19 mutation prediction. Our main motivation is to predict the mutations occurring in the COVID-19 virus using the proposed TfrAdmCov model. The experimental results have shown that the proposed TfrAdmCov model outperforms both baseline models and several state-of-the-art models. The proposed TfrAdmCov model reached accuracy of 99.93%, precision of 100.00%, recall of 97.38%, f1-score of 98.67% and MCC of 98.65% on the COVID-19 testing dataset. Moreover, to evaluate the performance of the proposed TfrAdmCov model, we carried out mutation prediction on the influenza A/H3N2 HA dataset. The results obtained are promising for the development of vaccines and drugs.

关键词： Susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model   active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)   COVID-19   lockdown policy   robustness   92-10   93-10  

摘要： The outbreak of COVID-19 causes a serious threat to human health and life around the world and puts enormous pressure on the healthcare system. The lockdown policy has effectively reduced the number of cases and suppressed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, but it also requires high social and economic costs. In this paper, we aim to use feedback control to help decision-makers establish lockdown policies, which can effectively constrain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal financial loss. The time-dependent susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is used for the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. The feedback control is based on a modified nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) that includes modified nonlinear extended state and nonlinear state error feedback with parameters tuned by particle swarm optimization, and the performances are compared with a well-known proportional--integral--derivative (PID) controller. The final simulation results show that the modified nonlinear ADRC has better performances and is more robust against uncertainties in the parameters of the epidemiological model.

关键词： Drug repurposing   traditional medicine   advertising   ethics and COVID-19   IVERMECTIN   TIME  

摘要： Scientific evidence on the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs, substances and herbal medicines is important in medical advertising and promotion. Following guidelines for conducting a scoping review, we systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science to identify in peer reviewed articles medications that were promoted and used widely in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also searched for information about how safety concerns about untested/or not properly tested drugs were communicated to the public during the pandemic. Of the 2043 articles identified, 41 papers were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were clinical trials (n = 11), systematic reviews (n = 9), quantitative studies (n = 9) the rest were qualitative studies, reviews and reports. We found that following global trends, several drugs, traditional and herbal treatments were used and repurposed for the treatment of respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 in Africa. The results highlighted the value of some herbal medicines for treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the risks posed by the unregulated sharing of advice and recommendations on treatments in Africa, and globally.

关键词： Epidemic   influence path   economic loss   evaluation   China   DENGUE   IMPACT   SARS  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted China's economic and social development. Understanding the direct and indirect effects of the epidemic on the economy is vital for formulating scientifically grounded epidemic management policies. This study assesses the economic losses and influence paths of a large-scale epidemic in China. We proposed three COVID-19 scenarios - serious, normal, and mild - to evaluate the direct economic impact on China's GDP from a demand perspective. An input-output model was used to estimate the indirect impact. Our findings show that China's GDP could lose 94,206, 75,365, and 56,524 hundred million yuan under serious, normal, and mild scenarios, respectively, with corresponding GDP decline rates of 9.27%, 7.42%, and 5.56%. Under the normal scenario, indirect economic loss and total loss are projected at 75,364 and 489,386 hundred million yuan, respectively. Additionally, the pandemic led to a reduction in carbon emissions: direct emissions decreased by 1,218.69 million tons, indirect emissions by 9,594.32 million tons, and total emissions by 10,813.01 million tons across various industries. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of the pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19   service quality   ecotourism   tourist satisfaction   sustainable tourism   CUSTOMER SATISFACTION   HOSPITALITY   MODEL   EXPERIENCE   CONSEQUENCES   PERCEPTION   MANAGEMENT   BEHAVIOR   PLS  

摘要： This study delves into the interconnectedness service quality (SQ) and tourist satisfaction (TS) within the tourism sector of a developing country such as Bangladesh. It takes into account the fluctuating levels of COVID-19 fear as a contributing factor to this dynamic. The research illuminates the critical role of COVID-19 fear in shaping guest satisfaction and how differing fear levels influence guest expectations and experiences. In this study, MGA and PLS-SEM was employed to assess 420 sets of tourist data collected from various hotels and restaurants in Bangladesh. Through this, the study identifies distinct service quality (SQ) dimensions that significantly impact tourist satisfaction (TS) across various COVID-19 fear categories. The findings underline the need for accommodation providers to tailor their services and safety measures to match guests' specific fear levels, emphasizing the importance of empathetic staff behavior and effective communication of safety measures. The framework suggested in this study holds substantial significance, and it is recommended that policymakers in Bangladesh integrate this model into their considerations when devising strategies for the tourism industry. The research provides insights that are relevant for the hospitality sector in Bangladesh, suggesting strategies to enhance guest satisfaction based on accommodation category and COVID-19 fear levels. Finally, future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the evolving dynamic of COVID-19's impact, the role of technology, and the integration of diverse service evaluation constructs to enhance explanatory models.