关键词： Soils  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented increase in pharmaceutical drug consumption and plastic waste disposal from personal protective equipment. Most drugs consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic were used to treat other human and animal diseases. Hence, their nearly ubiquitous presence in the soil and the sharp increase in the last 3 years led us to investigate their potential impact on the environment. Similarly, the compulsory use of face masks has led to an enormous amount of plastic waste. Our study aims to investigate the combined effects of COVID-19 drugs and microplastics from FFP2 face masks on important soil processes using soil microcosm experiments. We used three null models (additive, multiplicative, and dominative models) to indicate potential interactions among different pharmaceutical drugs and mask MP. We found that the multiple-factor treatments tend to affect soil respiration and FDA hydrolysis more strongly than the individual treatments. We also found that mask microplastics when combined with pharmaceuticals caused greater negative effects on soil. Additionally, null model predictions show that combinations of high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and mask MP have antagonistic interactions on soil enzyme activities, while the joint effects of low concentrations of pharmaceuticals (with or without MP) on soil enzyme activities are mostly explained by null model predictions. Our study underscores the need for more attention on the environmental side effects of pharmaceutical contamination and their potential interactions with other anthropogenic global change factors. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Qualitative research   COVID-19   global crises   research in conflict settings   digitalization of suffering  

摘要： This special issue asks what happens to international research and collaboration when the research community becomes temporarily immobilized. The COVID-19 global pandemic powerfully disrupted normal ways of doing research and, therefore, created a perfect natural experiment of the "otherwise" for digital qualitative research in sensitive contexts. The collected papers argue that the lessons extracted from this recent global health crisis should shape our thinking on qualitative research amid crisis and research on the crisis. The authors speak to core themes like the digital platforming of research, continued inequality in research relations, and the concept of compounding crises. The special issue reflects on the authors' own experiences with international collaborations during COVID-19 in a multiplicity of contexts from Peru, to Pakistan, Mexico and the Great Lakes Region of Africa. This introductory essay argues that the uniquely rapid and global context of COVID-19 offered a glimpse into one possible alterity of research production. It extracts lessons for the present and future, not only for other global crises, but for willed disruptions of research relations so that these are marked by less inequality and more balanced power relations.

关键词： Intestinal mucositis   Chemotherapy   Radiotherapy   Intestinal microbiota   Probiotics   GUT MICROBIOTA   CANCER   RESPONSES  

摘要： IntroductionThe efficacy of cancer treatments has links to the intestinal microbiome. Mucositis is a dose-limiting intestinal pro-inflammatory side effect of cancer treatments, that increases the risk of diarrhoea, mucositis, and in severe cases, febrile *** effect of cancer treatments on Quality of Life (QoL) was assessed using the FACT C questionnaire that included patient wellbeing and gut adverse symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea). Participants rated faecal samples via the Bristol Stool Chart. In addition, bacterial DNA was extracted from faecal samples, sequenced, and taxonomically examined. The incidence / severity of neutropenia was assessed with white blood cell and neutrophil counts. Circulating SCFAs and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin levels were recorded and correlated to intestinal *** in bowel function, with reduction in constipation and or diarrhoea or absence of significant disturbance to bowel function was recorded in 85% of the participants. One participant developed febrile neutropenia and two developed bowel toxicity during the study, that was unrelated to the test formulation. No significant changes in microbiota alpha- and beta-diversity at the phylum and species levels respectively from baseline to end of study treatment was observed. None of the participants had raised plasma-endotoxin levels from baseline to the first and subsequent treatment cycles for their cancers. Probiotics in this cohort were deemed safe and tolerable. Significant improvement in emotional QoL scores (p = 0.015) was reported with increased number of chemotherapy cycles. In a related observational study of exceptional responders to chemotherapy, participants were found to have had a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and fibre possibly indicative of a more balanced intestinal *** multi-strain probiotic formulation was safe and tolerated in this chronically ill cohort that were undergoing oncological treatmen

关键词： teacher well-being   psychological stress   sleep quality   somatization   post-COVID-19 challenges   educational health policy   DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS   OCCUPATIONAL STRESS   COVID-19   ASSOCIATIONS   DISTURBANCE   SUPPORT  

摘要： (1) Background. The post-COVID-19 era has imposed unique challenges on educators, significantly impacting their psychological and physical well-being. This study examines the interrelationships among psychological stress, sleep quality, and somatization in a sample of teachers, elucidating the impact of these factors during the ongoing recovery from the pandemic. (2) Methods. Using validated instruments such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Mesure du Stress Psychologique (MSP), this research investigates how stress and sleep disturbances correlate with somatization among teachers. The study also considers the influence of demographic factors such as age, gender, and years of experience. (3) Results. The results indicated that sleep quality significantly correlates with both psychological stress and somatic pain, emphasizing the crucial role of sleep in managing stress-induced physical symptoms. Additionally, the fear of COVID-19 significantly exacerbates these effects, illustrating the complex interplay of psychological and physical health factors during the pandemic. Contrary to initial hypotheses, demographic factors such as gender, age, and years of experience did not significantly influence these primary relationships. (4) Conclusions. The findings emphasize the necessity of addressing both psychological stress and sleep quality to mitigate their combined effects on somatization. Educational institutions and policymakers are urged to develop targeted interventions that address these issues to support teachers' health and well-being in a post-pandemic landscape.

关键词： Covid-19   Olfactory tests   Gustatory tests   Safety protocol   DYSFUNCTION   SYMPTOMS   ANOSMIA   SMELL  

摘要： Objective: There has been an increase of attention and awareness of smell and taste loss due to the impact of COVID-19. However, little is known about the influence of COVID-19 on the number of psychophysical tests performed, the timing of these tests, or the protection protocols employed to protect against virus transmission. This study aimed to explore the changes in examination approaches, types of tests employed, and safety measures adopted by clinicians before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey was distributed to 404 institutes of the Oto-Rhino Laryngological Society of Japan, consisting of otolaryngologists working in university hospitals, general hospitals, and private clinics. The anonymous online survey contained questions related to safety measures and chemosensory assessments performed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, participants were queried on the number and types of examinations conducted, the type of examiners who performed them, the timing of tests in suspected and non -suspected COVID-19 cases, modifications made due to the pandemic, and the protective measures adopted during chemosensory examinations. Results: Of the 201 respondents, representing a 50 % response rate, 49 % were from general hospitals, 48 % from university hospitals, and 3 % from private clinics. The study found a slight decrease in the overall number of chemosensory tests conducted post-COVID-19. In terms of who performed the test, there were no differences preand post- COVID-19. Most examinations (52 -68 %) for suspected COVID-19 cases were performed 1 -2 months after the onset of symptoms. Modifications in testing rooms and personal protective equipment (PPE) were reported by the majority of institutions post -pandemic. While different examination rooms or PPE were not commonly used based on a patient 's previous COVID-19 diagnosis, changes were observed in testing practices. Most examinations were conducted in rooms with windows or fans, and

关键词： adolescence   COVID-19 stressors   HPA axis   parental anxiety   parenting behaviours   SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS   INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES   PROTECTIVE FACTORS   ECONOMIC HARDSHIP   MENTAL-HEALTH   CHILDREN   RISK   FAMILY   ADJUSTMENT   DEPRESSION  

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, research indicated increased psychological distress among adolescents. However, limited research has investigated the association between COVID-19-related stress and the adolescent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a critical stress response system. To address this gap, we conducted a longitudinal study exploring the relationship between COVID-19 stressors and adolescent HPA activity. We recruited 121 adolescents (M-age = 10.02) and their parents. One parent reported COVID-19 stressors and their own anxiety, while adolescents reported parenting behaviours. Diurnal cortisol levels in adolescents were assessed 4 months later. Our results found that the association between COVID-19 stressors and diurnal cortisol levels was sequentially mediated by parental anxiety and indifference, but not parental caring. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of negative parental behaviours on adolescent HPA axis during the pandemic. Therefore, interventions targeting reduced parental anxiety and negative parental behaviours may effectively protect adolescents' mental health in such circumstances.

关键词： Clinical fieldwork   Pedagogy   Technology-enhanced learning   Workplace-based learning   MEDICAL-EDUCATION   EMERGENCY-MEDICINE   NURSING-STUDENTS   SIMULATION   QUALITY   SATISFACTION   ASSOCIATION   IMPACT  

摘要： Clinical placement is the essential method of learning in health professions education, but it has been the most disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Institutions of higher education resorted to alternative learning such as telehealth, simulations, and blended-learning for clinical placement to ensure that educational activities continue without delay. However, this raises questions about student competency and necessitates making up for missed in-person hours. A thorough investigation of the effectiveness of alternative clinical placement learning is required. A systematic searching was conducted on ten electronic databases, and the quality of the included articles was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). A meta-analysis was conducted by pooling studies with examination mark outcomes. Twenty-four articles were included in the systematic review and nine were included in the meta-analysis. The average MERSQI score for included studies is 11.15. Outcomes on student performance favor alternative placement, whereas perceived-based outcomes have mixed results and are slightly prone to traditional clinical placement. Meta-analysis indicates that alternative learning is either more effective than traditional clinical placement or at least on par with it. There is a discrepancy between perceived outcome and performance assessment regarding the utility of alternative learning to conventional clinical placement. Nonetheless, objective measurement outcomes and the meta-analysis support alternative learning as a reliable learning strategy for clinical education. Alternative learning for clinical placement experience can be improved further by adding more synchronous sessions, and implementing various learning methods, learning activities based on strong instructional design, and at least a short real-setting attachment.

关键词： COVID-19   epidemiology   Guillain-Barr & eacute   syndrome   Spain   vaccines  

摘要： Background and purpose: The purpose was to perform a nationwide epidemiological study of Guillain-Barr & eacute; syndrome (GBS) in Spain, analysing background incidences and seasonal variation and trying to identify incidence changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) years. Methods: This was an observational study collecting all GBS diagnoses from the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network collected by the Ministry of Health. Patients discharged with GBS as the main diagnosis and admitted during 2018-2021 were included. Data on the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were obtained from the National Epidemiology Centre. Results: In total, 3147 cases were included, 832 in 2018, 861 in 2019, 670 in 2020 and 784 in 2021. Nationwide hospital incidence was 1.78 in 2018, 1.71 in 2019, 1.41 in 2020 and 1.66 in 2021, with an increased frequency in males, the elderly population and in the winter season. Eleven per cent of GBS patients needed ventilatory support. GBS and SARS-CoV-2 incidences did not correlate with one another (r = -0.29, p = 0.36). GBS incidence decreased during 2020 and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in comparison to the same months of 2018-2019. Conclusions: The incidence of GBS in Spain is similar to that of other countries. Despite prior reports describing a significant increase in COVID-19-associated GBS in Spain, a significant drop of GBS incidence during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was detected, probably due to prevention measures.

关键词： COVID-19 PATIENTS   FOLLOW-UP   EXERCISE  

摘要： Background: Emerging data suggest a spectrum of pulmonary complications from COVID-19, ranging from dyspnea to difficult ventilator weaning and fibrotic lung damage. Prolonged hospitalization is known to significantly affect activity levels, impair muscle strength and reduce cardiopulmonary ***: To assess the feasibility and safety of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and to explore effects on functional capacity, physical performance, fatigue levels, and functional ***: A prospective feasibility ***: Inpatient unit of a tertiary care ***: Twenty-five hospitalized patients diagnosed with post-COVID-19 fibrosis referred for ***: Individualized PR intervention including breathing exercises, positioning, strengthening, functional training, and ambulation twice a day for 6 days a *** Measures: One-minute sit-to-stand test (STST), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS).Results: Twenty-five participants (19 males, 6 females) with a mean age of 54.2 +/- 13.4 years were enrolled. Sixteen completed the two-point assessment after undergoing in-patient PR of mean duration 14.8 +/- 9 days. PR led to a significant improvement in all functional outcomes that is, STST (from 7.1 +/- 4.3 repetitions to 14.2 +/- 2.1 repetitions, SPPB (from 5 +/- 2.8 to 9.4 +/- 1.5), FAS (from 33.3 +/- 10.8 to 25.8 +/- 4.7) at the p <=.001, and PCFS (from 3.6 +/- 0.9 to 2.9 +/- 1.2, p <=.05).Conclusion: Early initiation of PR for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 fibrosis was safe, well tolerated, and feasible and may improve functional status.

关键词： COVID DNA   Multi -Transformer   LSTM   1DCNN   Deep learning   Machine learning  

摘要： The 2019 novel coronavirus (renamed SARS-CoV-2, and generally referred to as the COVID-19 virus) has spread to 184 countries with over 1.5 million confirmed cases. Such a major viral outbreak demands early elucidation of taxonomic classification and origin of the virus genomic sequence, for strategic planning, containment, and treatment. The emerging global infectious COVID-19 disease by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents critical threats to global public health and the economy since it was identified in late December 2019 in China. The virus has gone through various pathways of evolution. Due to the continued evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, researchers worldwide are working to mitigate, suppress its spread, and better understand it by deploying deep learning and machine learning approaches. In a general computational context for biomedical data analysis, DNA sequence classification is a crucial challenge. Several machine and deep learning techniques have been used in recent years to complete this task with some success. The classification of DNA sequences is a key research area in bioinformatics as it enables researchers to conduct genomic analysis and detect possible diseases. In this paper, three state-of-the-art deep learning-based models are proposed using two DNA sequence conversion methods. We also proposed a novel multi-transformer deep learning model and pairwise features fusion technique for DNA sequence classification. Furthermore, deep features are extracted from the last layer of the multi-transformer and used in machine-learning models for DNA sequence classification. The k-mer and one-hot encoding sequence conversion techniques have been presented. The proposed multi-transformer achieved the highest performance in COVID DNA sequence classification. Automatic identification and classification of viruses are essential to avoid an outbreak like COVID-19. It also helps in detecting the effect of viruses and d