关键词： Alisol B 23-acetate   Anti-coronavirus   COVID-19 Anti-immunoinflammatory activity ACE2   RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS   RHIZOMA-ALISMATIS   INFECTION   PNEUMONIA   ORIENTALE   EXTRACT   VARIANT   ACE2  

摘要： Introduction: Emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 causes a global health disaster and pandemic. Seeking effective anti-pan-CoVs drugs benefit critical illness patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but also may play a role in emerging CoVs of the future. Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that alisol B 23-acetate could be a viral entry inhibitor and would have proinflammatory inhibition for COVID-19 treatment. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 and its variants infected several cell lines were applied to evaluate the anti-CoVs activities of alisol B 23-aceate in vitro. The effects of alisol B 23-acetate on in vivo models were assessed by using SARS-CoV-2 and its variants challenged hamster and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice. The target of alisol B 23-acetate to ACE2 was analyzed using hydrogen/deuterium Results: Alisol B 23-acetate had inhibitory effects on different species of coronavirus. By using HDX-MS, we found that alisol B 23-acetate had inhibition potency toward ACE2. In vivo experiments showed that alisol B 23-acetate treatment remarkably decreased viral copy, reduced CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD11b+ macrophages infiltration and ameliorated lung damages in the hamster model. In Omicron variant infected human ACE2 transgenic mice, alisol B 23-acetate effectively alleviated viral load in nasal turbinate and reduced proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 17 (IL17) and interferon c (IFNc) in peripheral blood. The prophylactic treatment of alisol B 23-acetate by intranasal administration significantly attenuated Omicron viral load in the hamster lung tissues. Moreover, alisol B 23-acetate treatment remarkably inhibited proinflammatory responses through mitigating the secretions of IFNc and IL17 in the cultured human and mice lymphocytes in vitro. Conclusion: Alisol B 23-acetate could be a promising therapeutic agent for COVID-19 treatment and its underlying mechanisms might be attributed to viral en

关键词： Anxiety   Covid-19   Reliability   Scale   Validity   DEPRESSION  

摘要： In this study, our aim was to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the social anxiety level of people regarding COVID-19. A total of 420 people participated in the research. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the validity and reliability of the scale. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consisted of 22 items and four sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions were named "negative thinking", "sociability", "fear" and "vaccination". In examination of the fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis results, it was seen that the four-factor scale structure was high and acceptable. Based on these results, we concluded that the COVID-19 social anxiety scale (CAS) was valid and reliable for examining the level of social anxiety of people during the pandemic periods.

关键词： Clean energy   Price connectedness   Quantile vector autoregressive model   IMPULSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS  

摘要： IMF indicated soaring metal prices, as cleantech firms are witnessing a meteoric rise in demand, and even dirty energy firms are changing their stance towards clean energy. Shock transmission (both positive and negative) is plausible as the world is chasing a net-zero emissions scenario. Therefore, we have investigated the top nine renewable energy companies globally with related metals (Nickel, Copper, Cobalt) from 3rd January 2017 to 3rd January 2022. This period also involves pre-Covid, Covid 1st Wave, Delta and Omicron. Our approach was QVAR, as suggested recently by Gabauer (J Multinatl Financ Manag 60:100680, 2021), which is a logical extension of the initial connectedness approach proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28(1): 57-66, 2012; J Econometr 182(1):119-134, 2014). We found several outcomes. Shock transmission is happening from both cleantech and dirty energy firms to metals. Connectedness (shock transmission) is increasing in tails. Moreover, connectedness in the lower upper quantiles is asymmetric, with clean energy companies tending to transmit positive shocks to metals. Therefore, mean-based connectedness could be ruled out. Metals such as Nickel, Cobalt, and Copper emerged as the net receivers of shocks. The firms with higher market capitalization producing clean energy emerged as significant net transmitters of shocks (Enphase, Orsted and VWS). The total Connectedness Indices (TCIs) are heterogeneous over time. TCI sharply increased immediately after Covid-19 fallout and remained at a relatively higher zone than pre-Covid levels. Wind energy firms (SSE and Orsted) emerged as the net transmitter among all pairwise directional connectedness; furthermost wind energy firms (SSE, ED and EDP) emerged as the moderate net receiver of shocks. This research provides many inputs towards the wind energy sector for researchers, practitioners and policymakers.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   particulate matter   portable air cleaners   school environment   ventilation   VENTILATION   RISK  

摘要： Educational buildings tend to fail in the contagion containment of airborne infectious diseases because of the high number of children, for several hours a day, inside enclosed environments that often have inadequate indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions. This study aimed to assess indoor environmental quality and test the effectiveness of portable air cleaners (PACs) in alleviating airborne particle levels in schools of Central-Southern Spain during the period of reopening after the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak. To accomplish this, three sampling campaigns were organized from September to December 2020 to consistently monitor temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter in nineteen classrooms (seven school buildings). Results showed that although the recommendation of maintaining the windows open throughout the day seemed to be effective in promoting, in general, proper ventilation conditions (based on CO2 levels). For the colder campaigns, this practice caused notorious thermal comfort impairment. In addition, a great number of the surveyed classrooms presented levels of PM2.5 and PM10, attributable to outdoor and indoor sources, which exceeded the current WHO guideline values. Moreover, considering the practice of having the windows opened, the installation of 1 unit of PACs per classroom was insufficient to ensure a reduction in particle concentration to safe levels. Importantly, it was also found that children of different ages at different education levels can be exposed to significantly different environmental conditions in their classrooms; thus, the corrective measures to employ in each individual educational setting should reflect the features and needs of the target space/building.

关键词： COVID-19   Hemodialysis   Nomograms   Chest computed tomography   Risk factors   DIALYSIS PATIENTS   RISK-FACTORS   SEVERITY  

摘要： Introduction: Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), exhibiting a high risk of hospitalization and mortality. Thus, early identification and intervention are important to prevent disease progression in these patients. Methods: This was a two-center retrospective observational study of patients on hemodialysis diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Lingang and Xuhui campuses of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. Patients were randomized into the training (130) and validation cohorts (54), while 59 additional patients served as an independent external validation cohort. Artificial intelligence-based parameters of chest computed tomography (CT) were quantified, and a nomogram for patient outcomes at 14 and 28 days was created by screening quantitative CT measures, clinical data, and laboratory examination items, using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Results: The median dialysis duration was 48 (interquartile range, 24-96) months. Age, diabetes mellitus, serum phosphorus level, lymphocyte count, and chest CT score were identified as independent prognostic indicators and included in the nomogram. The concordance index values were 0.865, 0.914, and 0.885 in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration plots showed good agreement between the expected and actual outcomes. Conclusion: This is the first study in which a reliable nomogram was developed to predict short-term outcomes and survival probabilities in patients with COVID-19 on hemodialysis. This model may be helpful to clinicians in treating COVID-19, managing serum phosphorus, and adjusting the dialysis strategies for these vulnerable patients to prevent disease progression in the context of COVID-19 and continuous emergence of novel viruses.

关键词： COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   CH 1.1   Immunocompromised host   Immunoglobulin   HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA  

摘要： The management of persistent symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in immunocompromised patients remains unclear. Here, we present the first case of successful antiviral therapy (nirmatrelvir/ ritonavir and remdesivir) in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in a patient who had received CD20 depleting therapy for follicular lymphoma and experienced recurrent COVID-19 relapses. After the patient received IVIg treatment, the viral load decreased without recurrence. Subsequently, it was found that the antispike antibody titer in the administered immunoglobulin was high at 9528.0 binding antibody units/mL. Our case highlights the potential of combination therapy with selective IVIg and antiviral drugs for relapsed immunocompromised COVID-19 patients who have received CD20 depleting therapy.

关键词： Street vendors   COVID-19   informal sector   urban   tribal informal economy   resilience   case study   INFORMAL SECTOR   VENDORS   RESILIENCE   POVERTY  

摘要： This study explores the impact of the COVID-19-induced economic crisis on tribal street vendors in Aizawl, India, using the framework of resilience theory. The paper uses a case-study approach to examine how street vendors recouped their economic losses after the relaxed lockdown phase during the region's most celebrated Christmas and New Year festivals. A total of 74 street vendors were interviewed for this study using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study discusses that despite the relaxation of lockdowns, vendors faced extreme challenges in earning their daily wages, causing an inability to satisfy basic requirements like food, paying rent, and experiencing harsher workplace conditions. We observe that street vendors had heterogeneous motives toward street vending and were not driven by a single theoretical perspective. We present that most street vendors during the lockdowns reflect resilience in their businesses, socioeconomic, and workplace conditions through their indigenous coping mechanisms and social networking. We find that street vendors displayed entrepreneurial qualities during the lockdowns by either changing the goods they sold or how they were sold before the pandemic. The study recommends different economic and financial policies for street vendors at the ground level such as improving basic workplace amenities, safety, and awareness among street vendors and consumers.

关键词： Physical Activity   Urban Parks   Health Equity   Health and Place   Mixed Methods   ACCESS  

摘要： By providing spaces for recreation, physical activity, social gatherings, and time in nature, urban parks offer physical, mental, and social benefits to users. However, many urban residents face barriers to park use. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new potential barriers to urban park access and use, including changes to daily life and employment, closure of park amenities and restrictions to public movement, and risk from the coronavirus itself. The mixed-methods PARCS study measured use and perceptions of a large urban park in St. Louis, Missouri before, during, and after local COVID-19 contingency measures and restrictions. We examine data from 1,157 direct observation assessments of park usership, an online survey of park users (n=561), interviews with key stakeholders (n=27), four focus groups (n=30), and a community-based participatory research sub-study (n=66) to comprehensively characterize the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on park use. Park users who felt unsafe from the coronavirus experienced 2.65 higher odds of reducing park use. However, estimated park visits during COVID-19 contingency measures (n=5,023,759) were twice as high as post-contingency (n=2,277,496). Participants reported using the park for physical activity, recreation, time in nature, and socializing during the contingency period. Black, Hispanic/Latino, and young people were less likely to visit the park than others, suggesting an additional, disproportionate impact of the pandemic on minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. This study highlights the role of public spaces like parks as resources for health and sites where urban health inequities can be alleviated in times of public crisis.

关键词： TRUST   PERFORMANCE  

摘要： The Chinese government dispatches its officials to local areas to conduct field surveys and investigations before making policy formulation and implementation decisions. This article studies how these field visits reinforce COVID-19 response at the grassroots level. The author argues that visits by government officials pull together resources to invest in areas that are critical for rural development. By employing the Guangdong Thousand Village Survey data from 2020, this article deduces that visits by Chinese government officials significantly improved COVID-19 response in rural China.