关键词： lung cancer screening   COVID-19 pandemic   lung cancer   early detection   healthcare delivery   Lung Cancer Screening   LCS   GO2 for Lung Cancer   GO2   Centers of Excellence in Lung Cancer Screening   SCOE  

摘要： Introduction Lung Cancer Screening (LCS) reduces lung cancer mortality, yet uptake pre- and post-Covid-19 remains low. The impact of COVID-19 on LCS programs across the United States is unknown. Ours is the first multi-institutional study to identify barriers to LCS experienced during the pandemic. Our work will hopefully inform the development of targeted resources to facilitate increased uptake of LCS. Methods A nationwide survey of Centers of Excellence (SCOE) in Lung Cancer Screening was conducted by GO2 for Lung Cancer Foundation (GO2). In 2021, survey items included questions regarding program structure and screening rates as well as questions regarding systemic barriers to LCS delivery experienced amid COVID. Results 99 programs representing 1,112 screening sites responded. A median of 868 patients were screened during the year of 2020. Patient recruitment, patient education, and in-person service access were negatively impacted by COVID-19, while the use of telemedicine was positively impacted. Coordination of care and timely reporting of results were largely unaffected by the pandemic. Conclusions Our findings provide a real-world snapshot of how COVID-19 impacted LCS from a program perspective. These findings highlight ongoing challenges with educating and engaging those at high risk for lung cancer in LCS. Program resources should be directed toward increasing adherence to LCS among eligible patients.

关键词： COVID-19   distance restriction policies   human mobility   culture   multi-period difference-in-differences   COMMUNITY MOBILITY   SOCIAL NORMS   IMPACT   EMERGENCE   EPIDEMIC   BEHAVIOR   WEATHER  

摘要： Natural disasters bring indelible negative impacts to human beings, and people usually adopt some post hoc strategies to alleviate such impacts. However, the same strategies may have different effects in different countries (or regions), which is rarely paid attention by the academic community. In the context of COVID-19, we examine the effect of distance restriction policies (DRP) on reducing human mobility and thus inhibiting the spread of the virus. By establishing a multi-period difference-in-differences model to analyse the unique panel dataset constructed by 44 countries, we show that DRP does significantly reduce mobility, but the effectiveness varies from country to country. We built a moderating effect model to explain the differences from the cultural perspective and found that DRP can be more effective in reducing human mobility in countries with a lower indulgence index. The results remain robust when different sensitivity analyses are performed. Our conclusions call for governments to adapt their policies to the impact of disasters rather than copy each other.

关键词： Health and Social Care   Social Sciences   Short Alt Text   UK - Anthropology  

ISBN: (纸本)9781003365358

摘要： This book focuses on syndemics in the Global South and uses COVID‑19 as a window to understand clusters of disparities and disease comorbidities. The pandemic has exposed and multiplied structural inequalities and certain subpopulations were more exposed to COVID‑19 as well as experienced greater morbidity and mortality. The effects of the pandemic differ between countries but have had an especially major impact, although in varying ways, in the Global South. The contributions in this volume explore the differential impacts of COVID‑19 at individual, community, national, or regional levels, considering how structural violence is institutionalized in a way that creates vulnerable situations and disproportionate suffering. The book will be of interest to anthropologists and sociologists as well as to those working in global and public health.

关键词： COVID-19   D-dimer to albumin ratio   multivariate logistic regression   cox regression   prognosis  

摘要： Objective Although the impact of the variants of COVID-19 on the general population is diminishing, there is still a certain mortality rate for severe and critically ill patients, especially for the elderly with comorbidities. The present study investigated whether the D-dimer to albumin ratio (DAR) can predict the severity of illness and mortality in COVID-19 *** A total of 1,993 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed and the association of DAR with severe or critical illness or death during hospitalization was analyzed. The area under the ROC curve was used to screen the best indicators, Chi-square test, rank sum test, and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to calculate the mean value of difference and adjusted odds ratio (aORs) with their 95% CI, and finally, survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) *** Among 1,993 patients with COVID-19, 13.4% were severely ill, and the mortality rate was 2.3%. The area under the curve (AUC) using DAR to predict severe and critically ill patients was higher than that using other parameters. The best cut-off value of DAR was 21 in the ROC with a sensitivity of 83.1% and a specificity of 68.7%. After adjusting age, gender, comorbidities, and treatment, the binary logistic regression analysis showed that elevated DAR was an independent risk factor for severely ill and mortality of COVID-19 patients. The KM curve suggested that patients with a higher DAR was associated with worse survival. The negative predictive value of DAR (21) for adverse prognosis and death was 95.98 and 99.84%, respectively, with a sensitivity of 80.9 and 95.65%, *** The DAR may be an important predictor for severe illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

关键词： COVID-19   Prediction   Severity   Mortality   Children  

摘要： BackgroundUnderstanding the factors influencing disease progression and severity in pediatric COVID-19 cases is essential for effective management and intervention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminative ability of clinical and laboratory parameters to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality in hospitalized *** this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we included 468 pediatric patients with COVID-19. We developed a predictive model using their demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. The performance of the model was assessed using various metrics including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value rates, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC).ResultsOur findings demonstrated strong discriminatory power, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818 for severity and 0.873 for mortality prediction. Key risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children include low albumin levels, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and underlying medical conditions. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis highlights the predictive value of CRP, LDH, and albumin, with AUC values of 0.789, 0.752, and 0.758, *** study indicates that laboratory values are valuable in predicting COVID-19 severity in children. Various factors, including CRP, LDH, and albumin levels, demonstrated statistically significant differences between patient groups, suggesting their potential as predictive markers for disease severity. Implementing predictive analyses based on these markers could aid clinicians in making informed decisions regarding patient management.

摘要： BACKGROUND:CDI incidence has increased in Wales from summer 2020 and has remained elevated. There is evidence of poorer outcomes from concurrent CDI and COVID-19 infections, but it is not clear if infection with COVID-19 directly impacts likelihood of CDI infection. AIM:We investigated the relationship between CDI and COVID-19 and the impact of secondary infections. METHODS:We conducted two analytical studies using routine surveillance data: i) population level ecological case control study comparing CDI cases in the Welsh population by SARS-COV-2 exposure in the previous 90 days, ii) cohort study of COVID-19 cases by secondary infection presence, investigating CDI development within 90 days. FINDINGS:Case control: 12% (196/1645) of CDI cases had prior COVID-19 and were twice as likely to have had COVID-19 compared to general population controls, when controlling for other infection history (OR 2.1, CI 1.8-2.5, p<0.0001). CDI cases were 8 times more likely to have had other infections, independent of COVID-19 history (OR 8.0, CI 7.0-9.0, p<0.001). COHORT STUDY:2% (2,255/137,620)) of the COVID-19 cohort developed >1 secondary infection, and <1% (185/137620) developed CDI within 90 days. CDI risk was four times higher in those with secondary infections, after age and sex adjustment (RR 4.6, CI 3.1 - 6.1, p<0.001). CDI risk increased with age and did not differ by sex. CONCLUSIONS:Findings suggest a relationship between COVID-19 and CDI. However, incidence of CDI following COVID-19 was a rare outcome generally, suggesting other factors are likely contributing to the increased rates of CDI observed since 2020.

关键词： Qingfei Paidu Decoction   COVID-19   traditional Chinese medicine   bibliometrics analysis   CiteSpace  

摘要： Background: Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPDD) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection in China. The present study aims to perform an econometric analysis and visualization of the literature on the treatment of COVID-19 with QFPDD in the Chinese databases and English databases. Methods: Six databases including such as Chinese databases CNKI, VIP, CBM, WANFANG as well as English databases PubMed, Web of Science were searched for publications related to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with QFPDD. The institutions, authors, keywords of each publication were cisualized using the software of CiteSpace. Results: A total of 187 literature on the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus infection with QFPDD were included, of which 145 (77.5%) were in Chinese and 42 (22.5%) were in English. Those publications were written by 926 authors from 383 institutions. There were 78 theoretical studies (41.7%), 63 clinical studies (33.7%), and 46 basic studies (24.6%). The cooperative institutions with the core of "Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences" and "Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine Cross Academy of Science" have been formed, and two core teams with "Wang Yanping" and "Zhang Weidong" have been formed. The keyword analysis showed that the research mainly focuses on pathologic pathogenesis, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, integrated Chinese and western medicine therapy, network pharmacology research. Conclusion: QFPDD has attracted worldwide attention, mechanism research and clinical research may become a future development trend. Therefore, in-depth basic research and clinical studies with large samples and multi-center cooperation should be carried out to provide high-level evidence-based evidence for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with QFPDD.

关键词： COVID-19   Suicide   Japan   Foreign residents   Japanese citizens  

摘要： BackgroundSuicide rates in Japan have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and foreign residents may be more vulnerable to mental stress during such crises. Therefore, we aimed to compare the trends in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic between foreign residents and Japanese *** statistics of Japan data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021 were used to calculate quarterly sex-specific suicide rates for foreign residents and Japanese citizens. An event-study analysis was conducted to evaluate whether suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic increased compared to pre-pandemic estimates; foreign residents and Japanese citizens were compared using difference-in-difference-in-differences *** 2016 and 2021, 1,431 foreign residents and 121,610 Japanese citizens died from suicide in Japan. Although the suicide rate for foreign residents was lower than that for Japanese citizens, Korean residents, who comprise approximately half of the foreign decedents, had largely higher suicide rates than Japanese citizens. The event-study analysis indicated that suicide rates increased among foreign residents for both men and women, and continued for men by the end of 2021. In Japanese citizens, after a decline in suicide rates in the second quarter of 2020, suicide rates increased both among men and women, and lasted for women until the fourth quarter of 2021. The difference-in-difference-in-differences analyses confirmed the initial decline in the second quarter of 2020 in suicide rate only in Japanese men and women, and the persistent increase through 2021 in foreign *** found differential trends in suicide rates between foreign and Japanese men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic featuring a persistent increase in foreign men. Suicide prevention measures should be focused on these high-risk subpopulations.

摘要： SARS-CoV-2 has caused global waves of infection since December 2019 and continues to persist today. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2variants with strong immune evasion capabilities has compromised the effectiveness of existing vaccines against breakthrough ***, it is important to determine the best utilization strategies for different demographic groups given the variety of vaccine options available. In this review, we will discuss the protective efficacy of vaccines during different stages of the epidemic and emphasize the importance of timely updates to target prevalent variants, which can significantly improve immune protection. While it is recognized that vaccine effectiveness may be lower in certain populations such as the elderly, individuals with chronic comorbidities (e.g., diabetes with poor blood glucose control, those on maintenance dialysis), or those who are immunocompromised compared to the general population,administering multiple doses can result in a strong protective immune response that outweighs potential risks. However, caution should be exercised when considering vaccines that might trigger an intense immune response in populations prone to inflammatory flare or other complications. In conclusion, individuals with special conditions require enhanced and more effective immunization strategies to prevent infection or reinfection, as well as to avoid the potential development of long COVID.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa   Fluoroquinolones resistance   Aminoglycosides resistance   Real-time PCR   RAPD typing   MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE   EFFLUX PUMP GENES   ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE   ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE   PARC MUTATIONS   STRAINS   PREVALENCE   INFECTIONS   EXPRESSION   GYRA  

摘要： Background One of the most prevalent bacteria that cause nosocomial infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fluoroquinolones (FQ) and aminoglycosides are vital antipseudomonal drugs, but resistance is increasingly prevalent. The study sought to investigate the diverse mechanisms underlying FQ and aminoglycoside resistance in various P. aeruginosa strains particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods From various clinical and environmental samples, 110 P. aeruginosa isolates were identified and their susceptibility to several antibiotic classes was evaluated. Molecular techniques were used to track target gene mutations, the presence of genes encoding for quinolone resistance, modifying enzymes for aminoglycosides and resistance methyltransferase (RMT). Efflux pump role was assessed phenotypically and genotypically. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to measure clonal diversity. Results QnrS was the most frequently encountered quinolone resistance gene (37.5%) followed by qnrA (31.2%) and qnrD (25%). Among aminoglycoside resistant isolates, 94.1% harbored modifying enzymes genes, while RMT genes were found in 55.9% of isolates. The aac(6')-Ib and rmtB were the most prevalent genes (79.4% and 32.3%, respectively). Most FQ resistant isolates overexpressed mexA (87.5%). RAPD fingerprinting showed 63.2% polymorphism. Conclusions Aminoglycosides and FQ resistance observed in this study was attributed to several mechanisms with the potential for cross-contamination existence so, strict infection control practices are crucial.