关键词： PERCEIVED STRESS   VERSION   SCALE   VALIDATION   SYMPTOMS  

摘要： Background. Nursing managers were often required to take on dual roles as managers and staff nurses due to nurse shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived stress levels among frontline nursing staff and nursing managers. Methods. This secondary data analysis relied upon 1643 data extracted from two online surveys between November 2020 and March 2021. A convenience sample of Austrian frontline nurses and managers from hospitals and nursing homes was used. In addition to demographics, we collected data using the German version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Results. Frontline nurses of both settings experienced statistically significant higher levels of stress and higher levels of helplessness as well as self-efficacy than their respective managers. Most participants perceived moderate to high stress levels during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. Conclusions. These findings underline the urgency for stress-reducing interventions as well as for fostering emergency trainings/response strategies for frontline nurses and nursing managers. Moreover, our findings provide hospital managers and health professionals with specific evidence to increase awareness of the dual tasks of nursing managers and to enable them to prepare strategies for future pandemics.

关键词： COVID-19   hexosylceramide (HexCer)   lactosylceramide (LacCer)   sphingolipid   sphingosine (Sph)   LIPID RAFTS   SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant worldwide impact, affecting millions of people. COVID-19 is characterized by a heterogenous clinical phenotype, potentially involving hyperinflammation and prolonged tissue damage, although the exact underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Sphingolipid metabolites, which govern cell survival and proliferation, have emerged as key players in inflammatory signaling and cytokine responses. Given the complex metabolic pathway of sphingolipids, this study aimed to understand their potential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We conducted a comprehensive examination of sphingolipid modulations across groups classified based on disease severity, incorporating a time-course in serum and urine samples. Several sphingolipids, including sphingosine, lactosylceramide, and hexosylceramide, emerged as promising indicators of COVID-19 severity, as validated by correlation analyses conducted on both serum and urine samples. Other sphingolipids, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate, ceramides, and deoxy-dihydroceramides, decreased in both COVID-19 patients and individuals with non-COVID infectious diseases. This suggests that these sphingolipids are not specifically associated with COVID-19 but rather with pathological conditions caused by infectious diseases. Our analysis of urine samples revealed elevated levels of various sphingolipids, with changes dependent on disease severity, potentially highlighting the acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19. This study illuminates the intricate relationship between disturbed sphingolipid metabolism, COVID-19 severity, and clinical factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the broader landscape of inflammatory diseases.

关键词： Favipiravir   Binding affinity   COVID-19   Structural parameters   DFT/TDDFT   Molecular docking   CORONAVIRUS   DRUG  

摘要： In this study, Density-functional theory/Time-dependent density-functional theory (DFT/TDDFT) and Molecular docking method was used to investigate the effect of methyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and cyanobenzylidene substituents on the electronic structure and antiviral activity of favipiravir for treating COVID-19. The DFT and TDDFT computations were employed using the Gaussian 09 software package. The values were calculated using the 6-311++G(d, p) basis set and the hybrid B3LYP functional method. Autodock vina software was used for simulations to better predictions and to validate the modified compounds' binding affinities and poses. Results of the study indicate that compounds 1 to 6 all displayed a planar structure, where the pyrazine ring, carboxamide, hydroxyl groups, and other substituents are all situated within the same plane. In addition, the energy gaps (Egap) of these six compounds (Cpd 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) were compared. The significant dipole moment and binding affinity achieved implies a particular orientation for binding within the target protein, signaling the anticipated strength of the binding interaction. In all six compounds, the electrophilic domain is situated in the vicinity of the amine functional group within the carboxamide compound, whereas the nucleophilic domain encompasses both the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The most negatively charged sites are susceptible to electrophilic interactions. In conclusion, compounds 5 and 6 exhibit a high binding affinity of the target protein, while compound 6 has a high energy gap, which could enhance its antiviral activity against the COVID-19 virus.

关键词： Media consumption   Core-periphery knowledge production   Open access   Scimago Journal Rank (SJR)   Trends in research   Communication studies   COVID-19   Social network analysis   Mixed-methods review   Qualitative summary   BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS   SCIENCE   CLASSIFICATION   WEB   COLLABORATION   TRUST  

摘要： BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic initiated a great global crisis, during which media influenced society and social interactions affected media use. Researchers from various research fields have studied the pandemic both globally and locally. This study aims to summarize the research on COVID-19 pandemic within communication studies, taking into account 358 articles published in SJR best ranked journals in *** study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods. Using manual coding and qualitative content analysis, we investigate articles' distribution according to journals, time, accessibility (either open, free or restricted) and methodological approaches. We also provide a qualitative summary of trending research themes. Using quantitative social network analysis (SNA) we present the distribution of institutions and countries in articles' affiliations, and the collaboration network at institutional and country *** show an in-time increase of COVID-related publications. Articles were affiliated with 490 institutions from 68 countries, with the USA having the greatest representation. There was an underrepresentation of African and South American countries, which reflects the core-periphery challenge in knowledge production. The network analysis revealed that very few of possible connections were actually achieved. There is an observable trend of using quantitative methods. A growth on the gap between qualitative and quantitative studies was observed each year. More than a half of articles using qualitative methods were published in restricted access. Our qualitative summary of the addressed topics and main findings in articles related to COVID-19, media and society revealed a wide research interest in pandemics impacts on news consumption, media use and journalism, as well as infodemic, conspiracy narratives, science mistrust and discrimination and inequalities increased by the *** provide a wider perspective on th

摘要： The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs.

关键词： COVID-19   Fractures   Mortality   Osteoporosis   VERTEBRAL FRACTURES   BONE-DENSITY   PNEUMONIA   MORTALITY   WOMEN  

摘要： Many older patients with COVID-19 likely have co-morbid osteoporosis. We investigated the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with osteoporosis. This was a retrospective cohort study using national claims data from Korea encoded in the common data model. Patients aged >= 50 years diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between January 2020 and April 2022 were included and stratified into two groups according to a history of osteoporosis. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection were analyzed using logistic regression analysis after large-scale propensity score stratification. Of the 597,011 patients with COVID-19 included in the study, 105,172 had a history of osteoporosis. In patients with a history of osteoporosis, the odds of mortality decreased (odds ratio [OR] 0.82, P < 0.002), whereas most clinical outcomes of COVID-19 did not exhibit differences compared to those without such a history. Osteoporosis patients with a history of fractures showed increased odds of pneumonia, hospitalization, major adverse cardiac events, venous thromboembolism, and mortality, compared to patients without osteoporosis (ORs 1.34-1.58, P < 0.001 to P = 0.001). Our study suggests that patients with severe osteoporosis who have experienced fractures have an elevated risk of severe complications with COVID-19, while osteoporosis patients without fractures who have sought medical attention have a lower risk of mortality.

关键词： Chinese traditional exercises   mental health   COVID-19   anxiety   depression   PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY   TAI CHI   QUARANTINE   BADUANJIN   BENEFITS   ANXIETY   SPORTS   PEOPLE   IMPACT  

摘要： Introduction: As the COVID-19 outbreak escalated into a global pandemic, there was a significant surge in mental health issues worldwide. Over the past three decades, traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) has gained increasing recognition for its ability to regulate mental well-being. The aim of this study (PROSPERO CRD42024516002) was to comprehensively assess and carry out a meta-analysis on the impact of traditional Chinese exercise on personal mental well-being amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Literature with publication dates from 2020 to 2023 was searched in four databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, Pubmed and Web of science. The literature was selected layer by layer according to the PRIMA guidelines, and then the quality of the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk assessment tool. Results: A total of 174 articles were screened, and 10 studies met the criteria and were included in the study. The results showed that TCEs had a positive effect on anxiety symptoms [SMD = -1.68, I-2 = 98.40, 95%CI = (-2.80, -0.56), p = 0.00] and depressive symptoms [SMD = -1.23, I-2 = 89.23, 95%CI = (-1.87, -0.58), p = 0.00]. The data of subgroup analysis showed that Baduanjin exercise had the best effect on reducing anxiety [SMD = -2.29, I-2 = 98.3, 95%CI = (-3.69, -0.89), p < 0.000]. Individuals who practiced TCEs less than or equal to 30 min each time had the best effect on anxiety [SMD = -2.06, I-2 = 96.2%, p < 0.000] and depression [SMD = -1.90, I-2 = 68.4, 95%CI = (-2.25, -1.55), p = 0.042]. Individuals who trained TCEs more than 7 times a week were most likely to reduce symptoms of anxiety [SMD = -4.30, I-2 = 92.6, 95%CI = (-6.78, -1.81), p < 0.000] and depression [SMD = -2.39, I-2 = 0.0, 95%CI = (-2.91, -1.87), p = 0.625]. It is worth noting that TCEs had the most significant effect on the improvement of depression in people aged 30-50 years [SMD = -1.58, I-2 = 89.0, 95%CI = (-3.05, -0.10), p = 0.003]. Conclusion: During the global pandemic, tradit

关键词： COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   UDCA   outpatients   preventive efficacy   risk factors   INFECTION   ASSOCIATION   PREVALENCE  

摘要： Objective: This study aimed to assess the chemopreventive effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) against COVID-19 and to analyze infection risk factors, symptoms, and recovery in outpatients with UDCA exposure. Methods: The study enrolled outpatients prescribed UDCA from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, between 01 July 2022, and 31 December 2022. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and drug combinations were collected using electronic medical records. COVID-19 infection, symptoms, severity, prognosis, vaccinations, and UDCA administration were surveyed by telephone interviews. UDCA non-users served as controls and were matched in a 1:2 ratio with UDCA users using propensity score matching with the nearest neighbor algorithm. Infection rates, symptomatology, severity, and prognosis were compared between matched and control cohorts, and risk factors and infection and recovery symptoms were analyzed in UDCA-exposed outpatients. Results: UDCA-exposed outpatients (n = 778, 74.8%) and matched UDCA users (n = 95, 74.2%) showed significantly lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates than control patients (n = 59, 92.2%) (p < 0.05). The matched UDCA group exhibited substantially lower fever, cough, sore throat, and fatigue rates than controls (p < 0.05). Participants with UDCA exposure generally experienced mild symptoms, while those without UDCA had moderate symptoms. The matched UDCA group also had significantly shorter durations of fever and cough (p < 0.05). Risk factors such as age over 60, less than 1 month of UDCA administration, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease significantly increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rates (p < 0.05), while smoking led to a decrease (p < 0.05). Hypertension was associated with a prolonged COVID-19 recovery (p < 0.05), while smoking, vaccination, and fatty liver disease were associated with shorter recovery periods (p < 0.05). The main symptoms in the full UDCA cohort were fever, cough, and sore throat,

关键词： COVID-19   health services accessibility   public health   RISK-FACTORS   PREVALENCE   MOTHERS  

摘要： Objective This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the national prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in Uganda and identify predictors in both pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 *** Used a systematic review and meta-analysis *** sources Reviewed papers were sourced from Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL/EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and African Journals *** criteria for selected studies The review encompassed observational studies published on PPD in Uganda from 1 January 2000 to 30 November *** 11 studies (involving 7564 participants) published from 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2023 were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of PPD in Uganda was 29% (95% CI 21% to 37%, I2=98.32%). Subgroup analysis indicated a similar prevalence before (29%, 95% CI 20% to 39%) and during (28%, 95% CI 22% to 32%) the COVID-19 period. Special groups exhibited a higher prevalence (32%, 95% CI 16% to 47%) than general postpartum women (28%, 95% CI 19% to 37%). Factors associated with PPD included poor social support (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.22, I2=96.8%), maternal illness (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.26, I2=96.9%), poor socioeconomic status (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.46, I2=99.5%) and undergoing caesarean section (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.17, I2=80.6%). Surprisingly, there was a marginal decrease in PPD during the COVID-19 period. Subgroup analysis highlighted a higher prevalence among mothers with *** This study underscores the significant prevalence of PPD in Uganda, with sociodemographic factors increasing risk. Despite a slight decrease during the COVID-19 period, the importance of prioritising maternal mental health is emphasised, considering sociodemographic factors and pandemic challenges, to improve maternal and child health outcomes and overall well-being.