关键词： COVID-19   local public health   academic-practice partnerships   Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)   mixed-methods program evaluation   EDUCATION   SCHOOLS  

摘要： Introduction The Massachusetts Academic Health Department Consortium (AHD) established the Academic Public Health Volunteer Corps (APHVC) to support Local Health Departments (LHDs, n = 351) to meet rapidly emerging needs during the COVID-19 pandemic through engaging student volunteers. A program evaluation captured lessons learned and informed recommendations for sustainability and future *** The mixed-methods evaluation leveraged the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Data were stratified by LHD engagement with APHVC. Quantitative surveys informed probes for qualitative focus groups and interviews; findings were categorized into CFIR constructs using a deductive *** One-fifth of LHDs (n = 76, 27 used APHVC services, 45 did not) completed the survey. Eleven employees participated in follow-up focus groups or interviews. APHVC filled resource gaps, built capacity, and provided high-quality deliverables. LHDs experienced issues with reliability and communication of volunteers and lacked time to train *** CFIR aided in evaluating APHVC in real time, producing actionable recommendations for best practices, dissemination, and future iterations of the program. Results are being used to enhance program effectiveness and sustainability, community health, and health equity across Massachusetts, and may help inform academic practice-based programs across the United States.

关键词： Watches  

摘要： The novel COVID-19 disease has been declared a pandemic event. Early detection of infection symptoms and contact tracing are playing a vital role in containing COVID-19 spread. As demonstrated by recent literature, multi-sensor and connected wearable devices might enable symptom detection and help tracing contacts, while also acquiring useful epidemiological information. This paper presents the design and implementation of a fully open-source wearable platform called H-Watch. It has been designed to include several sensors for COVID-19 early detection, multi-radio for wireless transmission and tracking, a microcontroller for processing data on-board, and finally, an energy harvester to extend the battery lifetime. Experimental results demonstrated only 5.9 mW of average power consumption, leading to a lifetime of 9 days on a small watch battery. Finally, all the hardware and the software, including a machine learning on MCU toolkit, are provided open-source, allowing the research community to build and use the H-Watch. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

摘要： Long Covid Defined Members of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine describe the process and rationale for the development of the 2024 definition of persistent Covid-19 symptoms (long Covid).

关键词： National Regulatory Agency   COVID-19   COFEPRIS   Agencia Reguladora Nacional  

摘要： COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the National Regulatory Agencies (NRAs). One of these challenges is the transfer and validation of new vaccine methodologies so that they are safe, quality, and effective in protecting the population. In this article, we review the process that the Mexican NRA followed for the Vaxzevria and Convidecia vaccines; where communication between manufacturers and NRA allowed the methodological transfer and validation to be carried out before the first batch for application was ready in compliance with WHO guidelines. In this way, the importance of the relationship that must exist between manufacturers and NRAs is manifested to provide an immediate response and provide the population with a means of protection in the event of a public health emergency. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha desafiado las Agencias Nacionales Reguladoras (ARN). Uno de estos desafíos es la transferencia y validación de metodologías de vacunas nuevas para que sean seguras, de calidad y efectivas para proteger a la población. En este artículo, revisamos el proceso que siguió la ARN de México para las vacunas Vaxzevria y Convidecia; en donde la comunicación entre fabricantes y ARN permitió que la transferencia y validación metodológica se realizara antes de que el primer lote para aplicación estuviera listo dando cumplimiento a las directrices de la OMS. De esta manera, se manifiesta la importancia de la relación que debe existir entre los fabricantes y las ARN para dar una respuesta inmediata y brindar a la población un medio de protección ante una emergencia de salud pública.

关键词： OF-INTEREST  

摘要： Importance Trust in physicians and hospitals has been associated with achieving public health goals, but the increasing politicization of public health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely affected such trust. Objective To characterize changes in US adults' trust in physicians and hospitals over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the association between this trust and health-related behaviors. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study uses data from 24 waves of a nonprobability internet survey conducted between April 1, 2020, and January 31, 2024, among 443 455 unique respondents aged 18 years or older residing in the US, with state-level representative quotas for race and ethnicity, age, and gender. Main Outcome and Measure Self-report of trust in physicians and hospitals; self-report of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination and booster status. Survey-weighted regression models were applied to examine associations between sociodemographic features and trust and between trust and health behaviors. Results The combined data included 582 634 responses across 24 survey waves, reflecting 443 455 unique respondents. The unweighted mean (SD) age was 43.3 (16.6) years; 288 186 respondents (65.0%) reported female gender; 21 957 (5.0%) identified as Asian American, 49 428 (11.1%) as Black, 38 423 (8.7%) as Hispanic, 3138 (0.7%) as Native American, 5598 (1.3%) as Pacific Islander, 315 278 (71.1%) as White, and 9633 (2.2%) as other race and ethnicity (those who selected "Other" from a checklist). Overall, the proportion of adults reporting a lot of trust for physicians and hospitals decreased from 71.5% (95% CI, 70.7%-72.2%) in April 2020 to 40.1% (95% CI, 39.4%-40.7%) in January 2024. In regression models, features associated with lower trust as of spring and summer 2023 included being 25 to 64 years of age, female gender, lower educational level, lower income, Black race, and living in a rural setting. These associations persisted even after

关键词： Preprints   COVID-19   metascience   PsyArXiv   Open Science   SCIENCE  

摘要： Given the need for a rapid and critical response from behavioural sciences during times of crisis, this study investigated the trajectory of all preprints posted to the repository PsyArXiv up to 19 May 2020 that were related to COVID-19 (n = 211). Specifically, we examined the trajectory, transparency, and diversity of these preprints as compared to PsyArXiv preprints unrelated to COVID-19 (n = 167) and articles published in psychology journal articles (n = 75) within the same time frame. Preprints related to COVID-19 had similar traction to published journal articles on COVID-19, but compared to preprints unrelated to COVID-19, the COVID-19 preprints were more likely to be subsequently published during a follow-up period (until 2 March 2021), were published more quickly, and received more citations. Preprints related to COVID-19 reported fewer open science practices than preprints unrelated to COVID-19, but more than COVID-19 journal articles. Primary affiliations for all preprints and journal articles predominantly originated from Western countries, but this was comparatively more for preprints (both related to and not related to COVID-19), even though preprints had more international authorship teams than journal articles. In conclusion, this study sheds light on preprint dissemination within the field of psychology amid the COVID-19 crisis, emphasising the swift spread, heightened probability of subsequent publication, and diverse adherence to open science practices among COVID-19-related preprints. These results underline the continual need for rigorous evaluation and advancement of scholarly communication practices, especially during periods of global urgency, to uphold transparency, diversity, and rigour in disseminating vital research findings.

关键词： Firearm   Homicide   Opioid overdose   COVID-19   Health disparity  

摘要： BackgroundFirearm homicide and opioid overdoses were already leading causes of death in the U.S. before both problems surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Firearm violence, overdoses, and COVID-19 have all disproportionately harmed communities that are socially and economically marginalized, but the co-occurrence of these problems in the same communities has received little attention. To describe the co-occurrence of firearm homicides and opioid overdose deaths with COVID-19 mortality we used 2017-2021 medical examiner's data from Chicago, IL. Deaths were assigned to zip codes based on decedents' residence. We stratified zip codes into quartiles by COVID-19 mortality rate, then compared firearm homicide and fatal opioid overdose rates by COVID-19 *** the study period, firearm homicide and opioid overdose rates were highest in the highest COVID-19 mortality quartile and lowest in the lowest COVID-19 mortality quartile. Increases in firearm homicide and opioid overdose were observed across all COVID-19 mortality *** co-occurrence of these deaths at the community level call for addressing the systemic forces which made them most vulnerable before the pandemic. Such strategies should consider the environments where people reside, not only where fatal injuries occur.

关键词： artificial intelligence   COVID-19   mortality   systematic reviews   meta-analyses   CARE   MORTALITY   DISEASE   AI  

摘要： Background: COVID-19-induced pneumonia has become a persistent health concern, with severe cases posing a significant threat to patient lives. However, the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in assisting physicians in predicting the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Methods: To obtain relevant studies, two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, including all studies published up to October 31, 2023, that utilized AI to predict mortality rates in severe COVID-19 patients. The PROBAST 2019 tool was employed to assess the potential bias in the included studies, and Stata 16 was used for meta-analysis, publication bias assessment, and sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 19 studies, comprising 26 models, were included in the analysis. Among them, the models that incorporated both clinical and radiological data demonstrated the highest performance. These models achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.81 (0.64-0.91), specificity of 0.77 (0.71-0.82), and an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (0.85-0.90). Subgroup analysis revealed notable findings. Studies conducted in developed countries exhibited significantly higher predictive specificity for both radiological and combined models (p < 0.05). Additionally, investigations involving non-intensive care unit patients demonstrated significantly greater predictive specificity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that artificial intelligence prediction models show promising performance in predicting the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients. However, due to variations in the suitability of different models for specific populations, it is not yet certain whether they can be fully applied in clinical practice. There is still room for improvement in their predictive capabilities, and future research and development efforts are needed.

关键词： COVID-19  

摘要： The impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on thunderstorm properties, influenced by changes in air quality, were investigated in Northeastern (Kohima, 25.66° N, 94.08° E) and Eastern (Rampurhat, 24.17° N, 87.78° E) India using seven years of ground-based observations. During the lockdown period (LP), Cloud-to-Ground (CG) flashes decreased by 67% and 51% over Kohima and Rampurhat respectively. Reductions were noted in the number of thunderstorms and various intensity parameters such as duration, flashes per thunderstorm, Peak Flash Rate (PFR), IC: CG ratio, and lightning peak currents. Significant changes in anthropogenic aerosols were observed, with notable reductions in SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ levels. Regardless of the specific raindrop formation mechanism in the two regions, higher concentrations of moderate to larger raindrops were observed during LP. Also, the mixed-phase region of thunderstorms shows a reduction in water content (both liquid and ice) in the mixed phase and the total column. Daily-scale analysis reveals non-linear associations between pollutant concentrations and CG flashes in both regions, with relative humidity (RH) potentially influencing these relationships. Overall, thunderstorm intensity parameters, mixed-phase processes, and rain DSDs were found associated with reduced pollutant concentrations during LP. The similarity of trends in multiple parameters during PLP-LP-ALP aligns with established facts, affirming that reduced pollutants lead to noticeable changes in thunderstorm characteristics. The partial rebound of pollutants and other parameters during ALP remained below pre-lockdown levels, which might suggest the lasting impacts of reduced human activities on atmospheric conditions. Further research is necessary to confirm if these measures could mitigate climatic changes and potentially guide policymakers in addressing such changes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   sleep disorders   healthcare   Fujian province   COVID-19   MORNINGNESS-EVENINGNESS QUESTIONNAIRE   POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS   DEPRESSION   HORNE  

摘要： Objective: To explore the impact of COVID-19 on the sleep of healthcare workers from Fujian Province supporting Hubei Province and its related risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous, self-reported online questionnaire survey was conducted among all participants. The questionnaire consisted of five parts: sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5), and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: Among 552 participants, 203 (36.8%) had a PSQI score > 7, indicating the presence of sleep disorders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sleep disorders were independently associated with a history of previously diagnosed sleep disorders (OR 6.074, 95% CI 2.626-14.049, P < 0.001), rotating night shifts > 3 times per week (OR 3.089, 95% CI 1.650-5.781, P < 0.001), using electronic devices before sleep >1 h (OR 1.685, 95% CI 1.131-2.511, P = 0.010), concern about contracting COVID-19 (OR 1.116, 95% CI 1.034-1.204, P = 0.005), perception of societal support for supporting healthcare workers in Hubei (OR 0.861,95% CI 0.744-0.998, P = 0.047) (OR 0.861, 95% CI 0.744-0.998, P = 0.047), non-medical staff (OR 0.257, 95% CI 0.067-0.987, P = 0.048), ESS score (OR 1.068, 95% CI 1.018-1.121, P = 0.007), and GHQ-12 score (OR 1.511, 95% CI 1.281-1.782, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Sleep disorders were highly prevalent among healthcare workers from Fujian Province supporting Hubei Province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk factors for sleep disorders included a history of previously diagnosed sleep disorders, rotating night shifts > 3 times per week, using electronic devices before sleep >1 h, excessive concern about contracting COVID-19, and poorer psychological health. Higher perceived societal support and understanding of support for healthcare workers supporting Hubei were associated with a reduced risk of sleep d