关键词： COVID-19  

摘要： Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been extensively utilized for diagnosing and prognosis of several diseases in recent years. This study identifies, appraises and synthesizes published studies on the use of AI for the prognosis of COVID-19. Method: Electronic search was performed using Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane and ProQuest. Studies that examined machine learning or deep learning methods to determine the prognosis of COVID-19 using CT or chest X-ray images were included. Polled sensitivity, specificity area under the curve and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. Result: A total of 36 articles were included; various prognosis-related issues, including disease severity, mechanical ventilation or admission to the intensive care unit and mortality, were investigated. Several AI models and architectures were employed, such as the Siamense model, support vector machine, Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and convolutional neural networks. The models achieved 71%, 88% and 67% sensitivity for mortality, severity assessment and need for ventilation, respectively. The specificity of 69%, 89% and 89% were reported for the aforementioned variables. Conclusion: Based on the included articles, machine learning and deep learning methods used for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients using radiomic features from CT or CXR images can help clinicians manage patients and allocate resources more effectively. These studies also demonstrate that combining patient demographic, clinical data, laboratory tests and radiomic features improves models’ performance. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： COVID-19   depression   anxiety   stress   cognitive function   psychological function   DEPRESSION   QUALITY   ANXIETY  

摘要： Objective The Outcomes - Short and Long term in ICU patient with COVID-19 "OUTSTRIP COVID-19" study was initiated to assess overall mortality, physical and psychiatric co-morbidities, reduction in lung function, and the ability to return to work post-ICU discharge with a follow-up period of 2 years in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in Qatar. This paper focuses on the prevalence of cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and stress at baseline and 3 months after ICU *** This prospective cohort study included 100 ICU survivors reviewed at baseline within 7 weeks of ICU discharge, with a 3-month follow-up. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and relevant medical history were collected at baseline. Cognitive outcomes were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) tool, while psychological outcomes were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).Results At baseline, 72% of ICU survivors exhibited mild cognitive impairment, which significantly improved to 56% at 3 months. However, severe cognitive impairment persisted in 20% of survivors at 3 months. For psychological outcomes, the mean depression score remained below 9 (5.64 +/- 6.90) at both time points, with no significant change. At baseline, 25% of survivors had clinical depression, which reduced to 16% at 3 months. The mean anxiety score at baseline (9.35 +/- 8.50) significantly decreased to 6.51 +/- 7.74 (p = 0.002) at 3 months. Anxiety was not reported by 48% of survivors at baseline and this increased to 66% at 3 months. Severe to extremely severe anxiety decreased from 19% to 12% during the same period. The mean stress score at baseline (8.34 +/- 8.07) did not significantly change at 3 months. At baseline, 18% experienced stress, which decreased to 12% at 3 months, with 5.3% facing severe to extremely severe *** At baseline, 72% of ICU survivors exhibited mild cognitive impairment, which significantly improved to 56% at 3 months.

关键词： COVID-19   fear   health literacy   low income   self-efficacy   BEHAVIORS  

摘要： Introduction Excessive fear of a threatening condition or situation can result in individuals engaging in unhealthy behaviors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the influential factors of fear can be effective in designing and implementing health-center interventions to control and reduce the COVID-19 *** This study was a cross-sectional design implemented in Iran in 2022. Participants were adults 18-65 years of age recruited randomly from primary Health Care Services Centers (HCSCs) by medical records (n = 380, 64.7% female, mean (SD) age 32.14 +/- 10.98 years) in urban and rural areas of the county. The data collection included a demographic form, Fear of COVID-19 questionnaire, Perceived Barriers of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, Self-efficacy, and Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) *** It was determined that the fear of COVID-19 showed statistically significant differences according to gender (p-value = 0.013), education level (p-value = 0.001), and job status (p-value = 0.001). According to the hierarchical linear regression, educational level (p-value = 0.001; beta = 0.665), job (beta = 0.126; p-value = 0.018), self-efficacy (p-value = 0.015; beta = 0.103), and Health Literacy (HL) (p-value = 0.001; beta = 0.446) were significant predictors of fear of COVID-19. Also, among variables, educational level (p-value = 0.001; beta = 0.665) and HL (p-value = 0.001; beta = 0.446) were the most important predictors for fear of *** This research shows that HL has a potential and determinative role in controlling fear of COVID-19. The findings can help healthy policymakers and healthcare providers design HL-based programs in similar epidemics and pandemic situations.

关键词： COVID-19 epidemiology   Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention   quasi-experimental design   Interrupted Time Series regression analysis   Diseases of the Respiratory System   mental disorders   injury and poisoning   Symptoms  

摘要： Background The use of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic is debated. Understanding the consequences these measures may have on vulnerable populations including children and adolescents is *** This is a multicenter, quasi-experimental before-after study involving 12 hospitals of the North Italian Emilia-Romagna Region, with NPI implementation as the intervention event. The 3 years preceding NPI implementation (in March 2020) constituted the pre-pandemic phase. The subsequent 2 years were further subdivided into a school closure phase (SC) and a subsequent mitigation measures phase (MM) with milder restrictions. Interrupted Time Series (ITS) regression analysis was used to calculate PED Standardized Incidence Rate Ratios (SIRR) on the diagnostic categories exhibiting the greatest frequency and/or *** In the 60 months of the study there were 765,215 PED visits. Compared to the pre-pandemic rate, overall PED presentations dropped by 58 and 39% during SC and MM, respectively. "Symptoms, signs and Ill-defined conditions," "Injury and poisoning" and "Diseases of the Respiratory System" accounted for 74% of the reduction. A different pattern was instead seen for "Mental Disorders," which exhibited the smallest decrease during SC, and is the only category which rose already at the end of SC. ITS analysis confirmed the strong decrease during SC (level change, IRR 0.17, 95%CI 0.12-0.27) and a significant increase in MM (slope change, IRR 1.23, 95%CI 1.13-1.33), with the sharpest decline (-94%) and rise (+36%) observed in the "Diseases of the Respiratory System" category. Mental Disorders showed a significant increasing trend of 1% monthly over the whole study period exceeding pre-pandemic levels at the end of MM. Females and adolescents showed higher increasing rates both in SC and *** NPIs appear to have influenced PED attendance in different ways according to diagnostic categories, mirroring different me

关键词： acute myocardial infarction   patients   cardiac rehabilitation   coronavirus disease   pandemic   psychological experience   PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK-FACTORS   MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION   HOSPITAL-ANXIETY   DEPRESSION-SCALE   ASSOCIATION   PREVENTION  

摘要： Background This study aimed to quantitatively assess stress, anxiety and obsessive thinking related to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and qualitatively appraise perceptions in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) during the COVID-19 *** We used mixed-methods design in patients referred for CR in 2 centres which delivered uninterrupted service during COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and in-person interviews (combination of a priori questions and probing) were used to evaluate patient experience and perceptions with COVID-19 and the healthcare services during *** In total, 109 patients (mean age 59 +/- 10, 20% women) were included in quantitative part and in 30 of them we conducted the in-person interviews. About a quarter of patients met HADS threshold for anxiety and depression while CAS and OCS results demonstrated extremely low possibility of coronavirus related dysfunctional thinking (3%) and anxiety (2%). The CSS indicated the most prevalent concerns were related to COVID-19 vaccines safety (60%) and fear of getting infected (60%). During interviews, patients perceived the CR as well as health care providers as safe, trustworthy and with enough support to avoid or manage COVID-19 related health *** Overall, patients reported AMI affected their lives more than the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 related stress and anxiety were relatively low and mostly related to general views of infectious disease. CR was perceived safe and trustworthy in terms of primary disease and *** summary This mixed-method study included 109 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent cardiac rehabilitation during the COVID-19 and focused on their experience and perceptions with COVID-19 and the healthcare services during pandemic. -Patients repor

关键词： MENTAL-HEALTH   FINANCIAL STRAIN   ADULTS   UNEMPLOYMENT   ASSOCIATION   SYMPTOMS   ANXIETY   TABLES  

摘要： Importance Given the expiration of expanded unemployment and other benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the association between pandemic income or job loss and long-term implications on mental health. Objective To evaluate the association between income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic and later psychological distress. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used 5 waves of nationally representative, longitudinal survey data (September 16, 2019, through September 18, 2022) from the Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel. Doubly robust propensity score-weighted quasi-Poisson models were used to estimate the association of self or household income or job loss during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic with later psychological distress, while controlling for pre-income loss characteristics (demographics, finances, and psychological distress). The study sample comprised US working-age adults (aged 18-64 years) who had not experienced income or job loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic by March 24, 2020. Exposure Participant-reported self or household income or job loss (ie, reduced hours or demand for work) due to the COVID19 pandemic between March 24, 2020, and August 16, 2020. Main Outcome and Measures Psychological distress was measured using a composite scale of 0 to 15 based on participants' reported frequency of feeling depressed, on edge, sleepless, lonely, and hopeless in the past week in March 2020, February 2021, and September 2022. Results Of 1392 working-age adults (survey weighted 52.7% male and 47.7% aged 30-49 years) who had not reported income or job loss before March 24, 2020, a survey weighted 35.7% reported job or income loss between March 24 and August 16, 2020. Early-phase pandemic income or job loss was associated with higher distress in February 2021 (estimated ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P = .03) and September 2022 (estimated ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .02) among participants

关键词： COVID-19   epilepsy   Kessler-10 scale   stress   pandemic   MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS   DIAGNOSIS  

摘要： Background and purpose - To evaluate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on seizure frequency and levels of mental distress in individuals with epilepsy and identify potential risk factors associated with increased seizure frequency. Methods - This is a cross-sectional study conducted in T & uuml;rkiye in May 2021 by phone. Information on epilepsy syndromes, antiseizure medications, average seizure frequency, and drug resistance was obtained from medical records. A questionnaire was completed that included demographic and clinical characteristics and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 10 (K-10). From people with epilepsy (PWE), seizure control in the month before the pandemic and perceived stress, sleep changes, changes in adaptation during this period, and whether there were changes in seizure control after the pandemic were questioned. Results - A total of 227 patients were included, and the K-10 score of 81.9% (186/227) of PWE was found to be >= 30. An increase in seizure frequency was detected in 34 (15%) patients. The factors affecting the increase in seizure frequency were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. In the univariate model hesitate to go to the emergency room despite having seizures during the pandemic (OR= 8.325; 95% CI: [2.943- 23.551], p=<0.001) was evaluated as the parameter with the highest risk of increased seizure frequency. In multivariate analyses (enter model) only polytherapy (OR= 2.945; 95% CI: [1.152 - 7.532], p=0.024) was detected as the parameter with increased seizure frequency. Conclusion - One year after the declaration of the pandemic, we found that stress was still common, the frequency of seizures increased. In multivariate analyses, only poly- therapy was detected as the parameter with increased seizure frequency.

关键词： extinction   persistence in mean   stochastic analysis   two-strain epidemic model   GENE-EXPRESSION   DYNAMICS   EXTINCTION   IMMUNITY  

摘要： This work is devoted to the mathematical analysis of a COVID-19 two-strain epidemic model. The COVID-19 mathematical model described the infection forces of each strain by a nonmonotonic incidence function. First, we establish the well-posedness of the COVID-19 stochastic model in terms of existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution. After that, we investigate the results of the stochastic extinction and persistence in mean of the COVID-19 disease. The findings show that both strains of COVID-19 pandemic extinct, when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. If the latter is not achieved, then the infection related to the strain with higher stochastic basic reproduction number will persist. Additionally, both strains can persist at the same time, if their related stochastic basic reproduction numbers are both greater than one. Finally, various numerical simulations are carried out in order to validate the theoretical findings concerning the extinction and persistence in mean of the disease. As an application of our work, we have chosen to compare our deterministic and stochastic results with COVID-19 clinical data.

关键词： Health Information Search   Pandemic   COVID-19   Binary logistic regression   T & uuml   rkiye   BEHAVIOR  

摘要： BackgroundHealth information consumers can acquire knowledge regarding health problems, combat health problems, make health-related decisions, and change their behaviour by conducting health information searches. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic and economic factors affecting individuals' search for health information on the internet before and during *** this study, micro data sets of the Household Information Technologies (IT) Usage Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2018 and 2021 were used. The binary logistic regression analysis was also used in the *** was determined that age, gender, education level, occupation, social media use, searching for information about goods and services, internet banking use, e-government use, having a desktop computer, having a tablet computer, and region variables were associated with the status of searching for health information on the internet during the COVID-19 *** main reasons for the increase in health information searches during the COVID-19 epidemic can be attributed to several key factors, such as society's need for information and meeting its need for information, access to up-to-date health data and increased trust in official sources. The study's findings serve as a valuable resource for health service providers and information sources attempting to identify the health information-seeking behaviour of the public and to meet their needs in this context.