关键词： Activity patterns   Disruption   Social-ecological model   selection   optimization   and compensation theory   SEQUENCE   CONTEXT   PEOPLE  

摘要： Objectives This study examines how older adults' (65 years old plus) daily activities shifted in the years around the coronavirus disease (COVID) *** Using data from American Time Use Survey, this study compares activities across the pre-pandemic (2019 to March 2020), early-pandemic (May to December 2020), and pandemic-normal (2021) *** In the first year of the pandemic, there was less time spent on average on leisure outside the home, traveling, and with nonhousehold members, and more time alone and at home, compared with before the pandemic. Moving beyond averages, sequence and cluster analyses find 5 similar typologies of days across the three periods, characterized by days predominated by (a) housework, (b) leisure at home, (c) TV, (d) a combination of leisure at home and outside with TV, and (e) paid work. Duration of time across various daily activities differed, however, even for the same clusters. For example, in days predominated by indoor leisure, adults spent 405 min in this activity before the pandemic, 432 min during the early-pandemic period, and 549 min during the pandemic-normal period. We also observed changes in the proportion of older adults in each cluster. Across the pre-pandemic and early-pandemic periods, the proportion of days predominated by leisure at home increased (9.9%-17.9%) whereas the proportion belonging to days predominated by housework decreased (45.7%-17.6%).Discussion COVID-19 shifted the daily life of older adults, and our findings are consistent with selection, optimization, and compensation theory, documenting that older adult adapted across the first 2 years of the pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19   insomnia   gut microbiota   probiotic bacteria   traditional Chinese medicine   GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID   CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS   SLEEP QUALITY   DOUBLE-BLIND   CELLS   SECRETION   BARRIER   HEALTH   DYSFUNCTION   ANTIBIOTICS  

摘要： The prevalence of insomnia has increased in recent years, significantly affecting the lives of many individuals. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been found to have a substantial impact on the human gut microbiota (GM). Clinical studies have shown that the high prevalence, prolonged duration, and refractory treatment of insomnia symptoms following the COVID-19 pandemic may be related to the effect of COVID-19 infection on the GM. Therefore, the GM may be a potential target for the treatment of insomnia following COVID-19 infection. However, relevant studies have not been well-documented, and the GM has not been sufficiently analyzed in the context of insomnia treatment. Herein, we review the interaction between sleep and the GM, summarize the characteristics of COVID-19-induced abnormal changes in the GM and metabolites in patients with insomnia, and discuss potential mechanisms, including metabolic, immune, and neural pathways, by which these abnormal changes in the GM cause insomnia as well as the factors affecting the GM. Finally, we discuss the prospect of modulating the host GM community for the effective treatment of insomnia after COVID-19 infection and the need for further clinical studies.

关键词： coronaviruses   COVID-19   face coverings   masks   outward suppression factor   pandemic   PPE   SARS-CoV-2   SWiFT 19  

摘要： During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we called for mandatory public masking to 'flatten the curve'. We helped formulate a national standard (SWiFT 19) for barrier facemasks, and, using a novel laser-based approach, we determined that mask efficacy is dependent on both fabric and fit; with both variables being inversely related. Herein, we take a retrospective view of the role of masks during the pandemic and surmise that, on the balance of evidence to date, masks were effective at stemming the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and may well be an effective early control strategy for potential future respiratory pandemics.

关键词： Interaction   Communication strategy   Social media strategy   Social media communication   COVID-19 lockdown   Dialogic intentions  

摘要： PurposeThe COVID-19 lockdown severely impacted organizations in the cultural and tourist business as their products all of a sudden "disappeared". This study aims to explore if and how the unexpected and disruptive nature of the pandemic accelerated the development of new communication strategies on their social ***/methodology/approachThe study draws on data from 24 midsize cultural institutions and tourist attractions in Denmark over the first two months of the lockdown in 2020. Approximately 900 posts on Facebook were collected and analyzed through the netnographic method. The analysis followed a two-layered qualitative approach. First, open coding to identify typologies and enable a comparison with established strategies from the literature review. Then, an exploratory examination was conducted across the *** different content categories were identified in the data and subsequently assessed and discussed in relation to the literature on strategies and dialogic intentions. This resulted in the emergence of two new overarching strategies: hope and *** implicationsWhile hope is particularly relevant in crisis situations, the utilization of employees in the host role presents an opportunity for further development and engagement. Further, the results call for future research that breaks with the traditional quest for ideal strategies for the benefit of exploring the notion of "strategic doers".Originality/valueThe identification of the hope and host strategies, along with the analysis of content categories and their alignment with various strategic intentions, contributes to the existing knowledge in this field. Further, the classic perception of engagement as driven by explicit interaction and dialogue is also challenged.

关键词： Segregation   COVID-19   American community survey   R23   D63   D85  

摘要： PurposeThis paper investigates one of the potential costs of rising segregation in American cities by evaluating empirically the extent at which ethnic-based segregation contributes to the onset and the speed of propagation of the COVID-19 ***/methodology/approachRegression analysis based on matched data on early incidence of COVID-19 cases, segregation and covariates. Identification resorts on variations in segregation across MSAs and heterogeneity in the geography and timing of stay-at-home *** cross-MSA standard deviation increase in segregation leads to a significant and robust rise of COVID-19 cases of 8.7 per 100,000 residents across urban ***/valueCombines spatial data on COVID-19 cases and segregation; use of a new segregation measure; focus on early incidence of the pandemic and its drivers.

摘要： The general population is concerned about the usage of the internet as a result of advances in information and technology. News website on the internet are an example of a technology that has been developed to disseminate the most up-to-date worldwide information. When it comes to numbers, newsreaders are more than adequate for obtaining the needed information. However, as a result of the amount of data collected, there will be an information explosion as well as the possibility of information redundancy. One of the methods targeted at supporting the input query in locating the required or relevant information is the search system. In weighing to measure statistics from a collection of papers on the search for information about the Covid 19 vaccine on tempo news, the approaches TF-IDF and VSM (Vector Space Model) are used, followed by tokenizing the text to split it, stopword removal, or filtering to remove extraneous words like conjunctions and others. The next process is sentence stemming, which aims to reduce word inflection to its most basic form. News document 1 (DOC 1) has a weight of 17.242, news document 5 (DOC 5) has a weight of 11.687, news document 4 (DOC 4) has a weight of 9.243, news document 2 (DOC 2) has a weight of 5.737, and news document 3 (DOC 3) has a weight of 0. The precision with which a document’s word weighting is calculated can be determined using the Term Frequency (TF) - Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) approach and Vector Space Model.

关键词： Naringenin-4'-glucuronide   SARS-CoV-2   treatment   spike protein   in silico   PROTEIN DOCKING   SIMULATIONS   PREDICTIONS   VALIDATION   SARS-COV-2   PROTOCOLS   PLATFORM   LIBRARY   BINDING   ZINC  

摘要： This study aimed to identify natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) as potential inhibitors of the spike (S1) receptor binding domain (RBD) of the COVID-19 Omicron variant using computer simulations (in silico). NBCs with previously proven biological in vitro activity were obtained from the ZINC database and analyzed through virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA), and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA). Remdesivir was used as a reference drug in docking and MD calculations. A total of 170,906 compounds were analyzed. Molecular docking screening revealed the top four NBCs with a high affinity with the spike (affinity energy <-7 kcal/mol) to be ZINC000045789238, ZINC000004098448, ZINC000008662732, and ZINC000003995616. In the MD analysis, the four ligands formed a complex with the highest dynamic equilibrium S1 (mean RMSD <0.3 nm), lowest fluctuation of the complex amino acid residues (RMSF <1.3), and solvent accessibility stability. However, the ZINC000045789238-spike complex (naringenin-4'-O glucuronide) was the only one that simultaneously had minus signal (-) MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA binding free energy values (-3.74 kcal/mol and -15.65 kcal/mol, respectively), indicating favorable binding. This ligand (naringenin-4'-O glucuronide) was also the one that produced the highest number of hydrogen bonds in the entire dynamic period (average = 4601 bonds per nanosecond). Six mutant amino acid residues formed these hydrogen bonds from the RBD region of S1 in the Omicron variant: Asn417, Ser494, Ser496, Arg403, Arg408, and His505. Naringenin-4'-O-glucuronide showed promising results as a potential drug candidate against COVID-19. In vitro and preclinical studies are needed to confirm these *** by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

关键词： short sleep duration   chronotype   suicidal ideation   COVID-19   medical students   CHINESE VERSION   QUALITY INDEX   RISK-FACTORS   HEALTH   INFLAMMATION   METAANALYSIS   MORNINGNESS   ADOLESCENTS   DISTURBANCE   DEPRESSION  

摘要： Introduction Cross-sectional evidence suggests that sleep problems increased the risk of suicide during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, a lack of longitudinal studies examined the relationship between pre-COVID-19 sleep duration, chronotype and incident suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we examined these associations in a longitudinal study of medical *** From the Shantou College Student Sleep Cohort, a total of 333 first and second grade medical students (age 19.41 +/- 0.82 years, female 61.26%), without suicidal ideation (SI) at pre-COVID-19 period, were followed up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Incident SI was defined by their response to the 9th question from the Beck Depression Inventory. Short sleep duration was defined as less than 7 h/night. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' chronotype. Logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used to examine the association between sleep and *** The incidence of SI during the COVID-19 pandemic was 5.71%. Logistic regressions with confounding factors adjustment showed that both short sleep duration (AOR = 4.91, 95% CI = 1.16-20.74) and eveningness (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.08-13.30) in the pre-COVID-19 period were associated with increased risk of incident SI during the COVID-19 *** Pre-COVID-19 short sleep duration and eveningness predict incident SI during the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students. Prolonging sleep duration may help to decrease SI during major public health crises.

关键词： ConvCoroNet   covid-19   deep learning   convolutional neural network (CNNs)   iterative thresholding algorithm based optimizer   support vector machine (SVM)   X-ray chest images  

摘要： Covid-19 is a global pandemic. Early and accurate detection of positive cases prevent the further spread of this epidemic and help to treat rapidly the infected patients. During the peak of this epidemic, there was an insufficiency of Covid-19 test kits. In addition, this technique takes a considerable time in the diagnosis. Hence the need to find fast, accurate and low-cost method to replace or supplement RT PCR-based methods. Covid-19 is a respiratory disease, chest X-ray images are often used to diagnose pneumonia. From this perspective, these images can play an important role in the Covid-19 detection. In this article, we propose ConvCoroNet, a deep convolutional neural network model optimized with new method based on iterative thresholding algorithm to detect coronavirus automatically from chest X-ray images. ConvCoroNet is trained on a dataset prepared by collecting chest X-ray images of Covid-19, pneumonia and normal cases from publically datasets. The experimental results of our proposed model show a high accuracy of 99.50%, sensitivity of 98.80% and specificity of 99.85% when detecting Covid-19 from chest X-ray images. ConvCoroNet achieves promising results in the automatic detection of Covid-19 from chest X-ray images. It may be able to help radiologists in the Covid-19 detection by reducing the examination time of X-ray *** by Ramaswamy H. Sarma