关键词： College students   COVID-19   prevention behaviors   risk perception   self-efficacy   ATTITUDE FRAMEWORK   BRAIN  

摘要： Objective College students play a major role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the viral agent responsible for COVID-19. We aim to understand risk perceptions, self-efficacy, and adoption of prevention behaviors in this population to inform prevention strategies. Participants Undergraduate students attending a large public university Methods A convenience sample of students were surveyed (April-June 2020). Participants self-reported risk perceptions, perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, self-efficacy, and prevention behavior engagement. Results A total of 1,449 students were included in the analysis. The majority were women (71.2%) and aged 18-24 (86.6%). Freshmen had the lowest risk and threat perceptions, as did men; men also had lower self-efficacy. Women engaged significantly more in prevention behaviors compared to men. Conclusions Perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 was low, but overall adoption of prevention behaviors was high due to local mandates. Freshmen men were identified as having the greatest need for changing perceptions and behaviors.

关键词： Community health   public health   peer workers   COVID-19  

摘要： Objective To examine how public health policy was reinforced by peer workers who were called Public Health Ambassadors (PHAs) at a West Coast university during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Descriptions of PHA community interactions were collected. Analyses were conducted using data from the 12-weeks of the 2020 Fall Quarter. Results In total, there were 5,112 interactions of which there were three types: (1) educational (4%), (2) noncompliance (90%), and (3) thanking (6%). About 1.3% of interactions were met with resistance. Conclusions Overall, compliance with campus public health guidance was high. Trends suggest compliance fatigue may have occurred after the first four weeks as evidenced by increased noncompliance rates and test positivity rates. Policy Implications These results suggest the feasibility of the implementing US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations of using trusted messengers to reinforce critical behaviors to support community health.

关键词： Guillain-Barr & eacute   syndrome   polyneuropathy   COVID-19   acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy   vaccine  

关键词： Resilience   Lockdown   Adaptation   Older female   Behaviour   Attitude   VULNERABILITY   HEALTH  

摘要： In order to slow the spread of COVID-19, on March 23, 2020, a strict lockdown was implemented in the UK. This was followed by alternating periods of less restrictive lockdowns until most public health restrictions were lifted in the summer of 2021. While these measures were necessary, they significantly affected people's daily activities, lifestyles, and mental *** paper presents a longitudinal research study that focused on females aged 55 + in the UK, aiming to understand how COVID-19 and the subsequent 15-month period of lockdowns affected their lifestyles and emotions. The study collected data through online surveys, where respondents reported the frequency and mode of access to activities, and their positive and negative emotional experiences during distinct study phases that encompassed both lockdown and less strict *** contrast to previous studies highlighting vulnerabilities for females and the elderly during lockdowns, this research found that the studied group maintained an overall positive outlook throughout the study period and successfully adapted to the lockdowns by increasing their engagement in certain activities, in particular, activities like 'getting active'. In addition, our findings indicate rapid adaptive behaviour change towards many online activities, such as cultural activities. However, the study also revealed negative emotions and a decrease in some activities during the second lockdown in 2020 and the subsequent lockdowns in 2021, underscoring the challenges inherent in prolonged periods of confinement. In addition, the study found negative affect associated with some activities, including working and studying from *** findings provide valuable insights into how females aged over 55 coped with stressful circumstances, which can inform the development of resilient and mental health-conscious public health policies and responses in preparation for future pandemics or other hazards.

关键词： Paternalism   Nanny state   COVID-19   Public health   TOBACCO  

摘要： BackgroundA nanny state imposes restrictions on people's liberty and freedom of action in order to advance their interest and welfare. The extent to which this is desirable, or even ethically acceptable, is debated in the literature. This paper formulates and tests the following hypothesis: the more of a nanny a state has been in the past, the more likely it is that the incumbent government will respond to a new, unknown threat with interventions of a paternalist nature, irrespective of other factors that might contribute to shaping government's response. This hypothesis is then taken to the data using the first wave of COVID-19 as an empirical *** are collected from secondary sources for a sample of 99 countries. Nanny statism is measured by the number of paternalist laws and regulations adopted by a country in the past. The response to COVID is proxied by the time of adoption of control and containment measures and their stringency. The public health outcome is measured by the COVID-19 death toll at the end of June 2020. These variables, plus several controls, are then used to estimate a set of linear and probit regressions and a proportional hazard model of the timing of adoption of control and containment *** increase in nanny statism by 0.1 (on a scale from 0 to 10) on average increases the probability of adoption of control and containment measures by 0.077 (i.e. 7.7 percentage points). The central tenement of the hypothesis is therefore consistent with the empirical evidence. The linear and probit regressions also show that there is no evidence of a significant effect of nanny statism on the stringency of the measures adopted. Irrespective of stringency, however, early adoption of control and containment measures is found to reduce the death toll of COVID-19 in the first half of 2020: an increase in nanny statism by 0.1 reduces the COVID death toll by approximately 7%.ConclusionsA tradition of nanny statism potentially leads to a m

关键词： College students   COVID-19   mental health   New York City   substance use   MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS   HARVARD-SCHOOL   BINGE DRINKING   ALCOHOL-USE   DRUG-USE   SMOKING   DISORDERS   MARIJUANA  

摘要： This study explored substance use trajectories and associations with mental health among an ethnically/racially diverse college student sample before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We combined repeated cross-sections and panel data from a total of 3,247 college students assessed with an online survey in 2018, 2019, and in three waves in 2020. We estimated trends in substance use and their relation to mental health over the survey waves using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results revealed notable associations between 30-day substance use patterns, time of assessment, and psychological well-being. These findings suggest a complex interplay between access to substances, context of substance use, and mental health. We discuss several initiatives that have been launched in response to the results of this ongoing study. Such initiatives may serve as examples for expanding similar efforts to other commuter colleges to prevent further increases in mental health problems and risky substance use.

摘要： This study aims to determine the obstacles teachers and students face during the Covid-19 pandemic in the productive subjects Motorcycle Engineering and Business Skills Competency in grade XII TBSM SMK PIRI Sleman. This type of research is a descriptive. The research subjects consisted productive subject teachers of TBSM and students of class XII TBSM A and XII TBSM B. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire, interview and documentation. The results of the research from of teacher regarding obstacles to online learning from teacher perceptions were in the category of lacking obstacles with a percentage of 25%. Teacher obstacles are divided into internal obstacles and external obstacles. The teacher’s internal obstacles in preparing and implementing LKPD. The external obstacles is that students are less active because they do not immediately respond when given an assignment and students copy answers directly from the internet. Obstacles to online learning from students’ perceptions a percentage of 51%. The obstacles that occur to students are: (1) Difficulties in understanding material online, (2) Difficulty because they do not have internet credit, (3) Difficulties because of the internet network, (4) Difficulty using online applications for online learning activities, (5) Difficulty because the environment at home does not support the online learning process, (6) Difficulty because the learning material is given with assignments so that they feel overwhelmed, (7) Difficulty during online learning because of not having gadget, and (8) Trouble getting up early.

关键词： Pakistan   Privacy   Topic modeling   Sentiment analysis   COVID-19   Google app   Machine learning   INFORMATION PRIVACY   E-GOVERNMENT  

摘要： PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the reaction of Pakistani citizens toward online privacy in the context of the Pakistan Government's COVID-19 app privacy breach. Design/methodology/approachThe authors implemented supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, that is, topic modeling and sentiment analysis on Google app store user review data. FindingsThere was no visible concern shown by the citizens toward the COVID-19 app privacy breach, even though it was well highlighted in the news. Other studies have also indicated that concern for online privacy remains low in developing countries, which aligns with the findings of this paper. Originality/valueGlobally COVID-19 apps have been a cause of concern in terms of public privacy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first in the Pakistani context to show the impact of a well-document privacy breach of a government COVID-19 app.