关键词： Illicit drugs   Benzodiazepines   Wastewater-based-epidemiology   Use profiles   Spatial and temporal trends   COVID-19   WASTE-WATER   STABILITY  

摘要： Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide objective and real time information about the use of addictive substances. A national study was conducted by measuring the most consumed illicit drugs, other drugs whose consumption is not so widespread but has increased significantly in recent years, and benzodiazepines in untreated wastewater from seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in six Spanish cities. Raw composite wastewater samples were collected from December 2020 to December 2021, a period in which the Spanish and regional governments adopted different restriction measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Samples were analyzed using a validated analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of 18 substances, based on solid-phase extraction and liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Except for heroin, fentanyl, 6-acetylmorphine and alprazolam, all the compounds were found in at least one city and 9 out of 18 compounds were found in all the samples. In general, the consumption of illicit drugs was particularly high in one of the cities monitored in December 2020, when the restrictions were more severe, especially for cannabis and cocaine with values up to 46 and 6.9 g/day/1000 inhabitants (g/day/1000 inh), respectively. The consumption of MDMA, methamphetamine and mephedrone was notably higher in June 2021, after the end of the state of alarm, in the biggest population investigated in this study. Regarding the use of benzodiazepines, the highest mass loads corresponded to lorazepam. This study demonstrates that WBE is suitable for complementing epidemiological studies about the prevalence of illicit drugs and benzodiazepines during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.

关键词： AKI-COVID-19   Corbrin capsules   Network pharmacology   GEO   Apoptosis   CD4(+) T-CELLS   CORDYCEPS-SINENSIS   APOPTOSIS   IMMUNITY   PATHWAY   INJURY  

摘要： Aim: of the study: This study used network pharmacology and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate the therapeutic effects of Corbrin capsules on acute kidney injury (AKI)-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Materials and methods: The active constituents and specific molecular targets of Corbrin capsules were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Swiss Target Prediction databases. The targets related to AKI and COVID-19 disease were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), GeneCards, and GEO databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by utilizing Cytoscape. To enhance the analysis of pathways associated with the pathogenesis of AKI-COVID-19, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis was performed by using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT. Molecular docking was used to assess interactions between differentially expressed genes and active ingredients. Verification was performed by utilizing GEO databases and in vivo assays. Results: This study revealed an overlap of 18 significantly differentially expressed genes between the Corbrin capsules group and the AKI-COVID-19 target group. Analysis of the PPI network identified TP53, JAK2, PIK3CA, PTGS2, KEAP1, and MCL1 as the top six core protein targets with the highest degrees. The results obtained from GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the target genes were primarily enriched in the apoptosis and JAKSTAT signaling pathways. Moreover, the analysis of immune infiltration revealed a notable disparity in the percentage of quiescent memory CD4 + T cells. Western blot analyses provided compelling evidence suggesting that the dysregulation of 6 core protein targets could be effectively reversed by Corbrin capsules. Conclusion: This study revealed the key components, targets, and pa

关键词： Air pollution   Dry eye   Pandemic   DISEASE   PREVALENCE   IMPACT   LIFE  

摘要： Purpose: To examine the association between ambient air pollution and dry eye symptoms (DES) during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore whether air pollution had increased the risk of DES to a greater extent than other risk factors. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 20, 2022 to August 31, 2022. The Ocular Surface Disease Index -6 (OSDI-6) questionnaire was used to assess the presence of DES. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the associations between DES and air pollution variables, including air quality index (AQI), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), PM 10 , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and residing near industrial zones. We explored the interactions of air pollutants and other risk factors in the additive models by calculating the synergy index (SI). Standardized regression coefficients were calculated to compare the relative importance of risk factors for DES. Results: A total of 21,909 participants were included in the analysis. Residing near industrial zones was significantly correlated with a higher risk of DES (Odds ratio (OR): 1.57, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.38-1.79). No significant associations were found between DES and air pollutants except SO 2 (OR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.09, per standard deviation increment in SO 2 concentration). The restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a linear concentration -response relationship between SO 2 and DES. The interaction analyses suggested synergetic interactions of SO 2 with depression and problematic internet use. Among the risk factors, depression, anxiety and problematic Internet use contributed more to the increased risk of DES. Conclusion: The association between ambient air pollutants and DES may have been mitigated during the pandemic due to increased time spent indoors. Despite this, our findings support the deleterious health impact of air pollutants. Future urban planning should plan industrial

关键词： Polyarteritis nodosa   severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2  

关键词： Pulmonary vein thrombosis   Anticoagulation   COVID-19   INFECTION  

摘要： BackgroundPulmonary vein thrombosis is a rare condition with a non-specific presentation with multiple underlying etiologies such as malignancy or lung surgery. In rare instances, no etiology could be encountered. Instead, it has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from dyspnea to lung infarction with a compromise to *** presentationA 71 years old male with a history of shortness of breath. The patient tested positive for COVID-19; the prolonged exertional fatigue led to undergoing CTPA (CT pulmonary angiography), which revealed pulmonary vein thrombosis. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion in the absence of other possible diagnoses. Furthermore, diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies depend highly on the patient's presentation and risk *** vein thrombosis is an infrequent entity reported in the medical literature and underdiagnosed because of its ambiguous presentation. Early diagnosis is paramount to prevent complications.

关键词： STRAIN  

摘要： Despite successful vaccines and updates, constant mutations of SARS-CoV-2 makes necessary the search for new vaccines. We generated a chimeric protein that comprises the receptor-binding domain from spike and the nucleocapsid antigens (SpiN) from SARS-CoV-2. Once SpiN elicits a protective immune response in rodents, here we show that convalescent and previously vaccinated individuals respond to SpiN. CD4+ + and CD8+ + T cells from these individuals produced greater amounts of IFN-g-g when stimulated with SpiN, compared to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Also, B cells from these individuals were able to secrete antibodies that recognize SpiN. When administered as a boost dose in mice previously immunized with CoronaVac, ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2, SpiN was able to induce a greater or equivalent immune response to homologous prime/boost. Our data reveal the ability of SpiN to induce cellular and humoral responses in vaccinated human donors, rendering it a promising candidate.

关键词： COVID-19   Mechanical circulatory support   Ventricular assist device   Cardiogenic shock   Biventricular failure   Case series  

摘要： Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly known to cause respiratory injury; however, the present case series highlights four instances in which the infection resulted in significant cardiac complications. Among such cases, some represent severe cardiogenic shock, which necessitates the immediate introduction of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for *** summary This case series involved patients with COVID-19-associated myocardial injury leading to fulminant cardiogenic shock. These patients required immediate implementation of peripheral MCS, followed by an instant upgrade to a central MCS system due to anatomical limitations and severe biventricular dysfunction. Central MCS provided effective ventricular unloading, resulting in a significant and prompt improvement in ventricular function. The treatment timeline showed rapid deterioration followed by remarkable recovery within 2 weeks of MCS initiation, demonstrating the effectiveness of aggressive and tailored MCS strategies in managing severe COVID-19-related cardiac *** This study provides significant insights into the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, particularly in the context of severe myocardial injury that leads to cardiogenic shock. The report underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention in such cases, focusing on the use of MCS as a life-saving modality. The findings also revealed unique pathological features of COVID-19-associated myocardial injury, including macrophage-predominant infiltration and microthrombosis, which are distinct from the features of conventional myocarditis. These findings highlight the need for further research on the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related cardiac injuries and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.