关键词： COVID-19   IL-6   ICU   Mortality   AKI  

关键词： Poverty   Financial stress   COVID-19   Policy   Government programs   Equity   STRAIN  

摘要： Background: This targeted and comprehensive policy scan examined how different levels of governments in Australia and Canada responded to the financial crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We mapped the types of early policy responses addressing financial strain and promoting financial wellbeing. We also examined their equity ***: Through a systematic search, snowballing, and manual search, we identified Canadian and Australian policies at all government levels related to financial strain or financial wellbeing enacted or amended in 2019-2020. Using a deductive-inductive approach, policies were categorized by jurisdiction level, focal areas, and target population ***: In total, 213 and 97 policies in Canada and Australia, respectively, were included. Comparisons between Canadian and Australian policies indicated a more diversified and equity-targeted policy landscape in Canada. In both countries, most policies focused on individual and family finances, followed by housing and employment areas. Conclusions: The policy scan identified gaps and missed opportunities in the early policies related to financial strain and financial wellbeing. While fast, temporary actions addressed individuals' immediate needs, we recommend governments develop a longer-term action plan to tackle the root causes of financial strain and poor financial wellbeing for better health and non-health crisis *** on Ethics and Informed Consent: This research reported in this paper did not require ethical clearance or patient informed consent as the data sources were published policy documents. This study did not involve data collection with humans (or animals), nor any secondary datasets involving data provided by humans (or from animal studies).

关键词： Modeling of epidemics   SIR type models   flu and COVID-19   Under-reporting parameter   Proportion of reported disease cases   INFLUENZA   DISEASE   RATES  

摘要： Background: Under-reporting and, thus, uncertainty around the true incidence of health events is common in all public health reporting systems. While the problem of underreporting is acknowledged in epidemiology, the guidance and methods available for assessing and correcting the resulting bias are obscure. Objective: We aim to design a simple modification to the Susceptible - Infected Removed (SIR) model for estimating the fraction or proportion of reported infection cases. Methods: The suggested modification involves rescaling of the classical SIR model producing its mathematically equivalent version with explicit dependence on the reporting parameter (true proportion of cases reported). We justify the rescaling using the phase plane analysis of the SIR model system and show how this rescaling parameter can be estimated from the data along with the other model parameters. Results: We demonstrate how the proposed method is cross-validated using simulated data with known disease cases and then apply it to two empirical reported data sets to estimate the fraction of reported cases in Missoula County, Montana, USA, using: (1) flu data for 2016-2017 and (2) COVID-19 data for fall of 2020. Conclusions: We establish with the simulated and COVID-19 data that when most of the disease cases are presumed reported, the value of the additional reporting parameter in the modified SIR model is close or equal to one, so that the original SIR model is appropriate for data analysis. Conversely, the flu example shows that when the reporting parameter is close to zero, the original SIR model is not accurately estimating the usual rate parameters, and the re-scaled SIR model should be used. This research demonstrates the role of under-reporting of disease data and the importance of accounting for underreporting when modeling simulated, endemic, and pandemic disease data. Correctly reporting the "true" number of disease cases will have downstream impacts on predictions of disease dynam

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   Crude oil indexes   Market volatility   GARCH   STOCK RETURNS   RISK-FACTORS   OIL   DYNAMICS   MODELS  

摘要： This research investigates the influence of the COVID-19 on the returns of energy indexes in the US using daily time series data of WTI and Brent markets for the January 2020 - March 2022 period. The findings reveal compelling evidence of the effects of the COVID-19 on the volatility of energy commodity indexes in the US. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this impact varies across different volatility regimes. Notably, the WTI crude oil exhibits more substantial effects during periods of lower volatility characterised by fewer COVID-19 cases, potentially attributed to market control measures. In contrast, the Brent crude oil displays a more pronounced impact of the COVID-19 during turbulent periods, attributed to the market's openness and the prevalence of speculative participants. The study suggests that participants in the Brent market, driven by a desire to capitalise on price differentials, intensify their activities during turbulent periods, contributing to increased volatility during successive waves of high COVID-19 cases. The observed structural differences between the WTI and Brent commodity markets carry significant policy implications for investors in the energy sector.

关键词： COVID-19 Disease   Basic reproduction number   Mathematical model   Vaccination   Booster vaccine   STRATEGIES  

摘要： COVID-19 vaccines have been illustrated to lessen the growth of sickness caused by the virus effectively. In any case, inoculation has consistently been controversial, with differing opinions and viewpoints. This has compelled some individuals to decide against receiving the vaccine. These divergent viewpoints have had a trivial impact on the epidemic's dynamics and the disease's development. In response to vaccinated individuals still falling ill, many countries have implemented booster vaccines to protect further. In this specific investigation, a mathematical model composed of seven compartments is employed to examine the effectiveness of a booster dose in preventing and treating the transmission of COVID-19. The principles of mathematics are employed to analyse and investigate the dynamics of the disease. Using a qualitative prototype analysis, we acquired valuable insights into its effectiveness. One essential aspect is the basic reproduction number, a critical determinant of the disease's spread. This calculation is determined by studying the system's equilibrium and evaluating its stability. Furthermore, we examined the balance from a local and global viewpoint, considering the possibility of bifurcation and the model's reproductive number sensitivity index. Through numerical simulations, we have visually illustrated the analytical findings outlined in this research paper and presented a thorough examination of the efficacy of booster shots as a preventive and therapeutic measure in the spread dynamics of COVID-19.

关键词： Economics, Finance, Business & Industry   Education   Tourism, Hospitality and Events   MathML   Apple Academic  

ISBN: (纸本)9781032720913

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic caused countries to experience new and unexpected conditions that severely affected the daily lives of people around the world. Concepts such as uncertainty, change, transformation, and chaos have gained new definitions, and the importance of leadership under these changing circumstances cannot be underestimated. This book takes an in-depth look at the crucial role of leadership post-COVID-19. The book offers refreshing interdisciplinary perspectives of leadership in different fields and different countries. The authors observe the differences in leadership styles before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the changed perception of leadership in the new normal. New Perspectives for Leadership after the COVID-19 Pandemic offers an enlightening study of leadership in multiple disciplines, including business, politics, academics and teaching, oil and gas industry, and more. It includes case studies from these different sectors to define the discussed concepts in new scenarios. The chapters discuss how leaders deal with VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) outcomes, the impact of digital technology on the role of leadership, moral and emotional leadership, evaluation of clinical leadership competency levels in nursing, and more. This volume will be of interest to those in leadership positions as well as those who study leadership and management in times of crises.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic   Antidepressants   Occurrence   Contaminated water bodies   Negatively aquatic beings' effects  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic changed the consumption of many drugs, among which antidepressants stand out. This review evaluated the frequency of antidepressant use before and after COVID-19. Once the most consumed antidepressants were identified, detecting a variation in the frequency of consumption on the different continents, an overview of their life cycle was carried out, specifying which antidepressants are mostly detected and the places where there is a greater concentration. In addition, the main metabolites of the most used antidepressants were also investigated. A correlation between the most consumed drugs and the most detected was made, emphasizing the lack of information on the occurrence of some of the most consumed antidepressants. Subsequently, studies on the effects on aquatic life were also reviewed, evaluated through different living beings (fish, crustaceans, molluscs, planktonic crustaceans and algae). Likewise, many of the most used antidepressants lack studies on potential adverse effects on aquatic living beings. This review underscores the need for further research, particularly focusing on the life cycle of the most prescribed antidepressants. In particular, it is a priority to know the occurrence and adverse effects in the aquatic environment of the most used antidepressants after the pandemic.

关键词： Health and Social Care   Language & Literature   Social Sciences   US - Anthropology  

ISBN: (纸本)9781003380726

摘要： This book examines how people around the world have articulated and shaped their experiences of COVID-19 through a sociolinguistic phenomenon known as magical thinking. Using case studies from throughout the world–China, Egypt, Europe, Jordan, Thailand, East Jerusalem, the UK, and the US–this volume looks at how people managed ambiguity and uncertainty, risk, and social isolation by viewing their experiences of the pandemic as other than, or alongside, those presented by voices and images representing scientifically derived knowledge. Each chapter in the volume introduces the reader to a core semiotic concept and shows how it can be used to analyze and unpack a specific signifying practice. In the conclusion, the several concepts from the chapters–ideological positioning, entextualization and recontextualization, double-voicing, discursive grafting, imaging, and contagion–are revisited and synthesized, in order to demonstrate that semiotics is useful not only in ethnographic studies of various “others” and of various "crises," but also in explaining the quotidian experiences of everyday life. Ultimately, this book reveals that COVID-related magical thinking practices are often as “contagious” as the virus they reimagine, spreading through social media and resulting in such social phenomena as viral videos promoting and rejecting public health practices, the first-lockdown stockpiling of toilet paper and hand sanitizer, resistance to public health recommendations, anti-vax rhetoric, and competing interpretations of emerging public health data. This book not only represents cutting-edge research in the field, but it also provides students of anthropology, linguistics, media, and communication with the vocabulary and conceptual framework to understand the human experience of the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Immune response proteins   Immunoglobulins   Data-independent acquisition   Proteomics   Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance   ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES   CREATININE   SURVEILLANCE  

摘要： Wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance is a viable disease surveillance technique capable of monitoring the spread of infectious disease agents in sewershed communities. In addition to detecting viral genomes in wastewater, WBE surveillance can identify other endogenous biomarkers that are significantly elevated and excreted in the saliva, urine, and/or stool of infected individuals. Human protein biomarkers allow the realization of real-time WBE surveillance using highly sensitive biosensors. In this study, we analyzed endogenous protein biomarkers present in wastewater influent through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry and scaffold data-independent acquisition to identify candidate target protein biomarkers for WBE surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. We found that out of the 1382 proteins observed in the wastewater samples, 44 were human proteins associated with infectious diseases. These included immune response substances such as immunoglobulins, cytokine-chemokines, and complements, as well as proteins belonging to antimicrobial and antiviral groups. A significant correlation was observed between the intensity of human infectious disease-related protein biomarkers in wastewater and COVID-19 case numbers. Real-time WBE surveillance using biosensors targeting immune response proteins, such as antibodies or immunoglobulins, in wastewater holds promise for expediting the implementation of relevant policies for the effective prevention of infectious diseases in the near future.

关键词： Urban vibrancy   Urban resilience   Social media data   Crowdsourcing   Spatiotemporal clustering  

摘要： Since COVID-19, the focus on urban resilience has intensified, particularly on cities' ability to adapt and recover while maintaining essential functions and liveability; however, few studies have examined the resilience of urban vibrancy during such health crises. This study investigates urban vibrancy resilience in Inner London during the COVID-19 pandemic using multi-sourced social media data (geo-tagged Twitter and Flickr). We propose an analytical framework based on space-time permutation scan statistics (STPSS) to identify spatiotemporal urban areas of interest (ST-AOIs), examining their spatial, temporal, and contextual characteristics. Our findings show that central neighbourhoods with transport hubs, educational and healthcare facilities, eateries, and financial centres exhibit greater resilience. These areas adapt by shifting active periods in response to disruptions. Additionally, we assess the varying resilience capacities of different types of points of interest. This research provides actionable insights for urban planners and policymakers by demonstrating how identifying characteristics of robust urban vibrancy can contribute to the resilience of cities and communities, particularly under normal conditions after COVID-19. The findings offer concrete strategies for integrating social media data into urban planning processes, enabling more responsive and adaptive governance that meets the dynamic needs of urban populations.