关键词： COVID-19   Emotional disturbances   Behavioral problems   Preschool children   Meta-analysis   CUMULATIVE STRESS   PREVALENCE   DISORDERS   EXERCISE   PSYCHOPATHOLOGY   QUESTIONNAIRE   ADOLESCENTS   STRENGTHS   CHECKLIST   LANGUAGE  

摘要： The impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is continuous, resulting in negative psychological consequences. Given the vulnerability and sensitivity to the environment among preschool children, their emotional and behavioral problems deserve more attention. The current study aimed to explore the impact of the epidemic on preschool children's mental health by determining the pooled prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems amidst the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and to reveal potential reasons for variations between studies. Published studies were searched in Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Based on the inclusion criteria outlined in this study, a total of 10 studies encompassing 38,059 participants were incorporated. Employing a random-effect model for estimating the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems, the results revealed a pooled prevalence rate of 24.3% (95% CI, 0.15-0.38; I-2=99.9%) among preschool children. This rate surpasses the pre-outbreak prevalence observed in different countries, signifying a detrimental influence of the epidemic on the mental well-being of preschoolers. Therefore, mental health care and recovery are essential for the vulnerable group during and after the public health crisis. Specific emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children are expected to be researched in the future to provide more targeted guidance for intervention.

关键词： COVID-19   Therapeutic ceiling of care   Prediction model   Bootstrapping   Calibration   Discrimination   ADVANCE CARE  

摘要： BackgroundTherapeutic ceiling of care is the maximum level of care deemed appropiate to offer to a patient based on their clinical profile and therefore their potential to derive benefit, within the context of the availability of resources. To our knowledge, there are no models to predict ceiling of care decisions in COVID-19 patients or other acute illnesses. We aimed to develop and validate a clinical prediction model to predict ceiling of care decisions using information readily available at the point of hospital *** studied a cohort of adult COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in 5 centres of Catalonia between 2020 and 2021. All patients had microbiologically proven SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of hospitalization. Their therapeutic ceiling of care was assessed at hospital admission. Comorbidities collected at hospital admission, age and sex were considered as potential factors for predicting ceiling of care. A logistic regression model was used to predict the ceiling of care. The final model was validated internally and externally using a cohort obtained from the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. The TRIPOD Checklist for Prediction Model Development and Validation from the EQUATOR Network has been followed to report the *** total of 5813 patients were included in the development cohort, of whom 31.5% were assigned a ceiling of care at the point of hospital admission. A model including age, COVID-19 wave, chronic kidney disease, dementia, dyslipidaemia, heart failure, metastasis, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke or transient ischaemic attack had excellent discrimination and calibration. Subgroup analysis by sex, age group, and relevant comorbidities showed excellent figures for calibration and discrimination. External validation on the Leeds Teaching Hospitals cohort also showed good *** of care can be predicted with great accuracy from a patient's clinic

摘要： The CEPI Centralized Laboratory Network implemented key steps in the transfer and monitoring of the developed immunological SARS-CoV-2 assays to ensure standardization across all the facilities of the network. This comprehensive evaluation reinforces the reliability of the generated data and establishes a solid foundation for a standardized approach, enabling precise inter-laboratory comparisons and contributing to the overall integrity of our network's clinical results. Herein, we will provide a brief elaboration on the specific measures and procedures implemented to standardize the transfer of assays across our network.

关键词： COVID-19影像诊断   注意力蒸馏   对比互学习   样本过滤   自适应模型融合  

摘要： COVID-19是由新型冠状病毒毒株引发的疾病。现有COVID-19影像诊断模型存在“优质样本匮乏”、“未充分挖掘样本间关系”等问题。提出面向COVID-19影像诊断的注意力蒸馏对比互学习（Attention Distillation Contrastive Mutual Learning，ADCML）模型。构建递进式数据增强策略，它包括自动数据增强与样本过滤，通过扩充图像数量并确保其质量主动应对优质样本匮乏问题；设计注意力蒸馏对比互学习框架：利用注意力蒸馏驱动异构网络互相学习各自注意力关注的病理知识，进而提取样本间对比关系，改善特征判别性；采用自适应模型融合模块，充分挖掘异构网络间互补性，完成COVID-19影像诊断。在三个公开数据集（包括CT图像和X-Ray图像）上进行有效性验证，准确率分别达到89.69%、98.16%和98.91%，F1分数值分别达到88.62%、97.58%和98.47%，AUC分别达到88.95%、97.77%和98.90%。实验结果表明：ADCML模型优于主流基线，模型有较强鲁棒性；递进式数据增强、注意力蒸馏及对比互学习形成合力，共同推动模型性能提升。

关键词： COVID-19  

摘要： Hawkes stochastic point process models have emerged as valuable statistical tools for analyzing viral contagion. The spatiotemporal Hawkes process characterizes the speeds at which viruses spread within human populations. Unfortunately, likelihood-based inference using these models requires O(N2) floating-point operations, for N the number of observed cases. Recent work responds to the Hawkes likelihood's computational burden by developing efficient graphics processing unit (GPU)-based routines that enable Bayesian analysis of tens-of-thousands of observations. We build on this work and develop a high-performance computing (HPC) strategy that divides 30 Markov chains between 4 GPU nodes, each of which uses multiple GPUs to accelerate its chain's likelihood computations. We use this framework to apply two spatiotemporal Hawkes models to the analysis of one million COVID-19 cases in the United States between March 2020 and June 2023. In addition to brute-force HPC, we advocate for two simple strategies as scalable alternatives to successful approaches proposed for small data settings. First, we use known county-specific population densities to build a spatially varying triggering kernel in a manner that avoids computationally costly nearest neighbors search. Second, we use a cut-posterior inference routine that accounts for infections' spatial location uncertainty by iteratively sampling latent locations uniformly within their respective counties of occurrence, thereby avoiding full-blown latent variable inference for 1,000,000 infection locations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fisheries   Aquaculture   Education   COVID-19   Food security   Kyrgyzstan  

摘要： COVID-19 has been a major global challenge with multi-dimensional impacts beyond health and well-being. Agricultural food chains have been impacted globally and fisheries and aquaculture value chains are not an exception. This study was undertaken to determine the immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fisheries and aquaculture in Kyrgyzstan and the coping strategies of stakeholders across the value chain to facilitate necessary transition mechanisms for ensuring sector stability and resilience. Results show that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in closure of operations and a transition to digital and remote work. Furthermore, there were disruptions in logistics and supply chains due to restriction of movement and border closures. This has led to a loss of livelihoods and employment, loss and lowering of incomes, increased fish prices, loss of access to markets, disruption in access to fish seed and feed supply, lowering of food safety and quality standards in fish, interruptions in monitoring of fisheries and aquaculture activities and disruptions to fisheries and aquaculture education. The situation called for innovative and creative solutions to build and prevail over the adversity, including using new digital platforms to reach consumers and students. In addition, cooperation between all the stakeholders across the value chain is necessary to address the future vision and development of the Kyrgyz fisheries and aquaculture sector.

关键词： Food security   Stress   Fruit intake   Vegetable intake   Nutrition assistance   SNAP   WIC   School meals   FOOD INSECURITY   DIETARY QUALITY   SCHOOL BREAKFAST   PARENT PERCEPTIONS   WIC PARTICIPATION   PERCEIVED VALUE   SNAP   PERSPECTIVES   BARRIERS   HEALTH  

摘要： Background Federal nutrition assistance programs serve as safety nets for many American households, and participation has been linked to increased food security and, in some instances, improved diet quality and mental health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic brought new and increased economic, social, and psychological challenges, necessitating inquiry into how nutrition assistance programs are functioning and associated with public health outcomes. Methods Using data from a representative statewide survey administered in Vermont (n = 600) between July and September 2020, we examined participant experiences with major federal nutrition assistance programs: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and school meal programs. We explored quantitative and qualitative responses regarding perceptions of program utility, and used nearest neighbors matching analyses in combination with bivariate statistical tests to assess associations between program participation and food insecurity, perceived stress, and fruit and vegetable intake as indicators of dietary quality. Results One in four respondents (27.3%) used at least one federal nutrition assistance program. As compared to non-participants, we found higher rates of food insecurity among program participants (57.5% vs. 18.1%; p < 0.001), an association that persisted even when we compared similar households using matching techniques (p <= 0.001). From matched analyses, we found that, compared to low-income non-participants, low-income program participants were less likely to meet fruit intake recommendations (p = 0.048) and that low-income SNAP and WIC participants were less likely to meet vegetable intake recommendations (p = 0.035). We also found lower rates of perceived stress among low-income school meal participant households compared to low-income non-participants (p = 0.039). Despite these mixed outcomes, participants broad

关键词： Empirical bioethics   Cancer care   Urgency   Resource allocation   Prioritization criteria   Pandemic   CLINICAL BENEFIT   HEALTH-CARE   MAGNITUDE   SOCIETY   GOALS  

摘要： PurposeCancer care in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic was affected by resource scarcity and the necessity to prioritize medical measures. This study explores ethical criteria for prioritization and their application in cancer practices from the perspective of German oncologists and other *** conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with German oncologists between February and July 2021 and fed findings of interviews and additional data on prioritizing cancer care into four structured group discussions, in January and February 2022, with 22 experts from medicine, nursing, law, ethics, health services research and health insurance. Interviews and group discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content *** of the participants focus on "urgency" as most acceptable criterion for prioritization in cancer care. Patients who are considered curable and those with a high level of suffering, were given a high degree of "urgency." However, further analysis indicates that the "urgency" criterion needs to be further distinguished according to at least three different dimensions: "urgency" to (1) prevent imminent harm to life, (2) prevent future harm to life and (3) alleviate suffering. In addition, "urgency" is modulated by the "success," which can be reached by means of an intervention, and the "likelihood" of reaching that *** analysis indicates that while "urgency" is a well-established criterion, its operationalization in the context of oncology is challenging. We argue that combined conceptual and clinical analyses are necessary for a sound application of the "urgency" criterion to prioritization in cancer care.

关键词： Quality of education   Distance learning   COVID-19 pandemic   Electronic content   Assessments  

摘要： Education has rapidly shifted into distance learning after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with varying learning levels from Saudi Arabian universities started online lessons through programs and applications. Supporters and opponents of distance learning have different opinions about distance education. In this context, this study focused on actual quality standards of distance learning and identified five axes of education quality to improve learning and develop technical tools for learning. The findings of the study are relevant to the specific context of the crisis and aim to meet international quality standards. We adopted the social survey method using the five axes. A questionnaire and a study sample of 1240 respondents from 42 universities and colleges were used. The data determined the level of quality of distance education and the extent to which students benefit from it. The interactive axis achieved the highest average rating, whereas the evaluation axis achieved the lowest average rating. Furthermore, the study shows that students agreed that distance education was useful during the pandemic, but it is less effective than face-to-face learning, and they value the elements of live lessons and interactions. These findings can be used to develop teaching practices in distance learning through the adoption of technology in line with global trends; through the use of learning to overcome difficulties; through open, unlimited areas of learning during crises; and through the development and activation of these dynamics. These outcomes can deliver higher results at a desired scientific level.

关键词： Emergency medical services   Pre -hospital   Out -of -hospital cardiac arrest   COVID-19   Response time   INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE   PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT   IMPACT   CARE   RESUSCITATION   OUTBREAK  

摘要： Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a time-sensitive medical emergency that needs immediate interventions. COVID-19 affected the performance of the emergency medical service (EMS) system in pre-hospital care, including the management of cardiac arrest. This study aimed to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pre-hospital management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and its outcome in Qom City, Iran. In this descriptive-analytical study, the data were collected from the electronic registration system of the EMS center in Qom, Iran. All OHCA patients who received resuscitation during COVID-19 and before COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Data consisted of the characteristics of OHCA patients, EMS interventions and response times, and the outcome of OHCA. A P-value of <0.05 was deemed statistically significant. 630 OHCA patients in the COVID-19 period and 524 OHCA patients in the pre-COVID-19 period were included in the study. Endotracheal intubation and defibrillation were done more in the COVID19 period than in the pre-COVID-19 period (50.2 % vs. 17 %, p<0.001 %, and 40.1 % vs. 22.5 %, p < 0.001, respectively). The EMS response time was longer during the COVID-19 pandemic (9.1 +/- 3.9 min vs. 7.6 +/- 1.4 min, p < 0.001). The rate of pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was lower in the COVID-19 period (15.6 % vs. 8.4 %, p < 0.001). According to univariate analysis, ROSC was predicted by COVID-19 (p < 0.001). However, COVID-19 was not the statistically significant independent predictor after multivariate analysis (p < 0.67). The COVID-19 pandemic period influenced OHCA and ROSC. Also, it affected pre-hospital management in the OHCA situation. The negative impact of COVID-19 on the EMS response reflected the need to know and remove barriers to managing crises such as COVID-19.