关键词： cognitive enhancement   psychoactive drugs   predictors of drug use   personality factors   microdosing   psychedelics   COVID-19   SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS   PRESCRIPTION STIMULANTS   COLLEGE-STUDENTS   ILLICIT USE   PERSONALITY   PREVALENCE   MOTIVES   NEUROENHANCEMENT   INDIVIDUALS   ALCOHOL  

摘要： Background The use of psychoactive substances to increase cognitive performance while studying has been termed 'pharmacological cognitive enhancement' (PCE). In previous years, several large-scale national surveys have focused on their use by students at university, including drug types, prevalence rates, and predictive factors. The recent coronavirus pandemic brought about widespread structural changes for UK universities, as students were forced to adapt to home-based learning and in many cases reduced academic support. No study has yet focused primarily on the impact of pandemic social restrictions on PCE in students and academic staff, and whether personality and demographic factors reveal user profiles that predict use during the pandemic period. Method A convenience sample of 736 UK students and staff aged 18-54 (M = 22.2, SD = 5.2) completed a cross-sectional survey assessing PCE prevalence rates, polydrug use, perceived effects, academic self-efficacy and personality during the first year of social restrictions (March 2020 - February 2021) compared with the previous year (March 2019 - February 2020). Results There was a significant self-reported rise in the use of all drug types (all ps < 0.001) during social restrictions, particularly with Modafinil (+42%), nutraceuticals (+30.2%) and microdose LSD (+22.2%). Respondents also indicated stronger PCE effects for all substances, except alcohol, in comparison to the previous year. Polydrug use with modafinil and other prescription stimulants increased the most during social restrictions. Personality factors and gender identity reliably predicted PCE use and lower agreeableness was often the strongest predictor, followed by identifying as male and lower conscientiousness. Academic self-efficacy and student/academic staff status were not consistent predictors. Conclusion This is the first survey of UK students to investigate PCE during coronavirus social restrictions and to assess predictive factors. Findings reve

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   Norovirus   Metaviromic data   Wastewater surveillance   Off-season resurgence   Amplicon sequencing   GASTROENTERITIS OUTBREAK   SEWAGE   PCR   NOROVIRUSES   VIRUS   IDENTIFICATION  

摘要： How to address public health priorities after COVID-19 is becoming a critical task. To this end, we conducted wastewater surveillance for six leading pathogens, namely, SARS-CoV-2, norovirus, rotavirus, influenza A virus (IAV), enteroviruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in Nanchang city from January to April 2023. Metaviromic sequencing was conducted at the 1st, 4th, 7th, 9th, 12th and 14th weeks to reveal the dynamics of viral pathogens that were not covered by qPCR. Amplicon sequencing of the conserved region of norovirus GI and GII and the rotavirus and region encoding nonstructural protein of RSV was also conducted weekly. The results showed that after a rapid decrease in SARS-CoV-2 sewage concentrations occurred in January 2023, surges of norovirus, rotavirus, IAV and RSV started at the 6th, 7th, 8th and 11th weeks, respectively. The dynamics of the sewage concentrations of norovirus, rotavirus, IAV and RSV were consistent with the off-season resurgence of the above infectious diseases. Notably, peak sewage concentrations of norovirus GI, GII, rotavirus, IAV and RSV were found at the 6th, 3rd, 7th, 7th and 8th weeks, respectively. Astroviruses also resurge after the 7th week, as revealed by metaviromic data, suggesting that wastewater surveillance together with metaviromic data provides an essential early warning tool for revealing patterns of infectious disease resurgence.

关键词： college students   COVID-19   social-emotional   social-emotional skills   mental health   MENTAL-HEALTH   ATTENDING PEERS   EXPERIENCES   LONELINESS   FRAMEWORK   BEHAVIOR   SCHOOL   IMPACT  

摘要： Introduction The present study investigated whether social-emotional skills in first year college students differed before and after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) *** Participants (N = 1,685) consisted of first year college students (mean age 18.53 years) selected from a broader cohort enrolled in a longitudinal study on college mental health at liberal arts colleges in the United States. In a cohort-sequential design, participants completed an online survey assessing social-emotional skills in January of 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Using analysis of covariance, we examined mean differences in social-emotional skills between students who were first years before (January 2018-2020) and after the lockdowns (January 2022), controlling for sociodemographic *** The post-lockdown group scored significantly lower on emotional control and expressivity and marginally higher on social sensitivity compared to the pre-lockdown group. No group differences in social/emotional expressivity or social control were *** These findings indicate that the COVID-19 lockdowns impaired some, but not all, social-emotional skills in first year college students. Addressing social-emotional skills in college may help to reduce the COVID-19 mental health burden.

关键词： Coronavirus  

摘要： The global focus on COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlights the need for effective antiviral medications. Tanshinone I was investigated as a potential inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), PDB ID: 6LU7, through Computational Aided Drug Discovery (CADD) techniques. Fifteen Tanshinone I derivatives were designed and assessed. Molecular docking studies revealed that derivatives TS02 and TS15 exhibited the lowest binding affinities, at -9.2 kcal/mol and -9.1 kcal/mol, respectively. These derivatives underwent 10-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrating stability in the Mpro binding site. RMSD and RMSF analyses confirmed TS02 and TS15 as potent inhibitors of COVID-19 main protease. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nursing Theory   Nursing Models   Nursing   Nursing Education   Covid-19   Théories infirmières   Modèles infirmiers   Soins infirmiers   Formation infirmière  

摘要： La pandémie Covid-19 a mis en évidence le rôle indispensable que jouent les infirmières dans le système sanitaire, à tous les fronts, auprès des patient-e-s, de leurs familles, dans des postes de gestion des flux et de management. Sans les infirmières, les dispositifs ne fonctionnent pas. Mais au cœur de cette crise mondiale, on les a surtout vues dans un rôle d’exécutrices sur délégation sans prendre la mesure des savoirs qui les mobilisent. Partant de ce constat, cet article profite de cette situation de crise pour reprendre le débat épistémologique sur la discipline infirmière, son assise, ses évidences et ses paradoxes. Par l’analyse du hiatus qui existe entre les fondements théoriques infirmiers et leur articulation dans la pratique, il entend donner des réponses provisoires sur le statut du savoir disciplinaire. En conclusion, l’article souligne la légitimité de renforcer le développement scientifique et la mise en valeur de la profession infirmière. The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the essential role that nurses play in the healthcare system, on all fronts, whether in direct care at the bedside of patients and their families or managing the workflow and coordinating care. Without nurses, the healthcare system would not function. But at the heart of this global crisis, they have been mainly pictured performing delegated tasks with little consideration to the knowledge guiding their practice. Based on this observation, this article grabs this crisis to resume the epistemological debate on the nursing discipline, its foundation, its evidence, and paradoxes. By analyzing the gap between the theoretical foundations of nursing and their articulation in practice, it intends to provide provisional answers on the status of disciplinary knowledge. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the legitimacy of strengthening the scientific development and further recognition of the nursing profession.

关键词： Inflation   Phillips curve   monetary aggregate   E31   E52  

摘要： This essay discusses six of my beliefs about the inflation process that are not universally shared among economists.

关键词： Acute COVID treatments   Antivirals   corticosteroids   Long COVID   monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)  

摘要： Background Whether treatment during acute COVID results in protective efficacy against long COVID incidence remains unclear. Objectives To assess the relationship between acute COVID treatments of antivirals, corticosteroids, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and long COVID incidence, and their effects in different populations and individual symptoms. Data sources Searches were conducted up to Jan 29, 2024 in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase. Study eligibility criteria Articles that reported long COVID incidence post-acute COVID with a follow-up of at least 30 days with no language restrictions. Participants Patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis history. Interventions Patients treated with antivirals, corticosteroids or mAbs. Assessment of risk of bias Quality assessment was based on Newcastle-Ottawa scale, ROBINS-I and Cochrane risk of bias tool. Methods of data synthesis Basic characteristics were documented for each study. Random forest model and meta-regression was used to evaluate correlation between treatments and long COVID. Results Our search identified 2363 records, 32 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis and 25 included into the meta-analysis. Effect size from 14 papers investigating acute COVID antiviral treatment concluded its protective efficacy against long COVID (OR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.79, p = 0.0002); however, corticosteroid (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 0.80-3.09, p = 0.1913) and mAbs treatments (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.56-1.56, p = 0.8012) did not generate such effect. Subsequent subgroup analysis revealed that antivirals provided stronger protection in the aged, male, unvaccinated and non-diabetic populations. Furthermore, antivirals effectively reduced eight out of the twenty-two analyzed long COVID symptoms. Discussion Our meta-analysis determined that antivirals reduced long covid incidence across populations and should thus be recommended for acute COVID treatment. There was no relationship between mAbs treatment and long COVID, but stud

摘要： This contribution addresses the question of whether economic growth among ASEAN member countries is converging or diverging within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. ASEAN has significantly developed economic and social mechanisms aimed at achieving greater integration among member countries, with the goal of enhancing economic growth and especially accelerating the catch-up of the poorer member countries. How resilient have the member countries been? Has the COVID-19 pandemic more severely affected the poorer member countries? To answer these questions, our contribution addresses this issue based on economic growth theories, particularly drawing on Solow’s theory regarding beta and gamma convergence. The study covers the period from 2000 to 2022. In the pre-pandemic period from 2000 to 2019, there is a general phenomenon of absolute convergence, demonstrating a reduction in the disparity in absolute values between less advanced and more modern countries, which also leads to a reduction in inequality as shown by the confirmation of the σ-convergence hypothesis. This is true for both GDPC and GDPW variables. The catch-up effect of absolute β-convergence is not evident when looking at the period from 2020 to 2022. During this timeframe, both the absolute β-convergence and σ-convergence hypotheses are rejected, which slows down the economic growth of poorer economies relative to the more advanced ASEAN countries. Overall, the entire 2000–2022 period confirms the unconditional β-convergence and σ-convergence assumptions of the pre-pandemic period.