关键词： neural therapy   local anesthesia   inflammation   neuromodulation   post-acute COVID-19 syndrome   VAGUS NERVE   SYSTEM  

摘要： The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected 771 million people and caused 6.9 million confirmed deaths as of November 2023. Beyond the adversity, a crucial and less-explored chapter unfolds: adaptive sequelae. These have altered social, mental, and emotional conditions, leaving an imprint on biological systems. While some cases fully resolve the pathological process post-acute infection, others persist with symptoms, posing a challenge that underscores the need to comprehend pathophysiology from innovative perspectives. The article delves into "Long COVID" or Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS), where symptoms persist for >= 4 weeks irrespective of initial severity. Risk factors include a history of severe illness, in-hospital management, and intensive care. This article also explores theories, derived from various experimental models, that have demonstrated the involvement of the nervous system in coordination with the psychoneuroimmunoendocrine axes in the expression of inflammation. It is posited that PACS involves processes of peripheral and central sensitization (corticalization), facilitating dishomeostasis and the chronicity of the inflammatory process. In this context, various therapeutic strategies grounded in modulating the inflammatory reflex are reviewed, primarily through the infiltration of local anesthetics via linear and non-linear approaches. Neural therapeutic use is considered to stimulate the regulatory inflammatory circuits coordinated by the neuroimmune-endocrine system.

关键词： Area Studies   Economics, Finance, Business & Industry   Politics & International Relations   Social Sciences   MathML   Short Alt Text   UK - Asian Studies  

ISBN: (纸本)9781032632780

摘要： COVID-19 and Bangladesh analyzes the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and features the socioeconomic fallouts for disadvantaged communities in Bangladesh, their coping mechanisms, and implications for the country’s development ambitions. The contributors to the book examine the immediate impact of economic adversities, which rapidly translated into health, employment, education, and other socioeconomic problems. They show that the pandemic has disproportionately impacted the communities that were traditionally left behind and created a new group of people that are “pushed behind”. Structured in four sections, the book examines impact and adjustment in the areas of employment, income, and expenditure and health, education, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offers policy perspectives. The empirical analysis and policy conclusions presented in the chapters are based on official secondary data, household-level primary surveys, focus-group discussions, key informant interviews, and reviews of public policy documents. The policy conclusions and outlook presented in the book can be instructive for other low-middle income, or graduating least developed countries (LDC). A unique contribution to the current debate on the diverse implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, this book will be of interest to policymakers and academics studying health and society in Asia and other countries of the Global South.  

摘要： Public Transit System Fare Policy is a very important basic component in the implementation of public transit system. This study aims to provide several alternatives that can be applied by MRT Jakarta and give recommendation for fare policies that can increase PT. MRT Jakarta revenues using big data (tapping data) taken in the post-covid 19 Pandemic. Big data will be analyzed to produce passenger’s movement frequency distribution data based on the number of travel stations and an origin-destination matrix. Several alternative fare policies will be determined by considering Ability to Pay (ATP), Willingness to Pay (WTP), and passenger’s movement frequency distribution data from the results of big data analysis, Then the best alternative will be determined which will generate the highest revenue increase for PT. MRT Jakarta. This study result the best alternative fare is a graduated fare structure based on mount of travel stations with the application of an initial fare of Rp. 3000, - at the first station, and then the fare will increase by Rp. 2,500/station starting from 2nd travel stations and will increase by Rp. 1000/station from 4th travel stations until the last station. This alternative resulted in an increase in PT. MRT Jakarta’s revenue of about 36% to its existing revenue.

摘要： In a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19, that spreads widely around the world requires in depth research to predict the pattern of its spread and strategies to reduce the number of spreads. Predictive control is a mathematical approach to control systems where a model is used to make predictions about the future behavior of a system, and these predictions are then used to determine the control actions that should be taken. Based on these predictions, control measures such as lockdowns and social distancing could be optimized to reduce the spread of the virus and minimize its impact. A dynamic model is needed for quick and precise handling decisions. Mathematical models Epidemiology can be used in various fields, the implementation of which is COVID-19. The presentation of a dynamical system can use the basic compartment model, in which critical 𝐶 and death 𝒟 states are considered, addressing more possibilities of mutual transitions between compartment states. 𝒮ℰℐℛ𝒞𝒟 estimates and forecasts the COVID-19 spread under uncertainties and constraints. This paper focuses on This paper focuses on fit and predict the 𝒮ℰℐℛ𝒞𝒟 model with time dependent basic reproduction numbers and health resource-dependent death rates to real COVID-19 data in Indonesia. Data have been collected for a specific period of time, the best-fitting parameters have been obtained, and the changes in the basic reproduction number over time have been estimated. The presented model has included the transition probability of the infected state to the critical state and the transition probability of the critical state to the death state, based on different age groups, so that the number of hospital beds has also been cooperative in computing the compartment states. Using the best-fitting parameters of the 𝒮ℰℐℛ𝒞𝒟 model, the development of the compartment states in the near future was estimated. The simulation result shows that the obtained parameters of the 𝒮ℰℐℛ𝒞𝒟 model were reasonably satisfy

关键词： DEMENTIA   CARE   SCALE   MORTALITY   TRANSFERS   ONTARIO   VISITS   RATES  

摘要： Background COVID-19 and resulting health system and policy decisions led to significant changes in healthcare use by nursing homes (NH) residents. It is unclear whether healthcare outcomes were similarly affected among older adults in assisted living (AL). This study compared hospitalization events in AL and NHs during COVID-19 pandemic waves 1 through 4, relative to historical periods. Methods
This was a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study using linked clinical and health administrative databases (January 2018 to December 2021) for residents of all publicly subsidized AL and NH settings in Alberta, Canada. Setting-specific monthly cohorts were derived for pandemic (starting March 1, 2020) and comparable historical (2018/2019 combined) periods. Monthly rates (per 100 person-days) of all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization with delayed discharge, and hospitalization with death were plotted and rate ratios (RR) estimated for period (pandemic wave vs historical comparison), setting (AL vs NH) and period-setting interactions, using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for resident and home characteristics. Results
On March 1, 2020, there were 9,485 AL and 14,319 NH residents, comparable in age (mean 81 years), sex (>60% female) and dementia prevalence (58-62%). All-cause hospitalization rates declined in both settings during waves 1 (AL: adjusted RR 0.60, 95%CI 0.51-0.71; NH: 0.74, 0.64-0.85) and 4 (AL: 0.76, 0.66-0.88; NH: 0.65, 0.56-0.75) but unlike NHs, AL rates were not significantly lower during wave 2 (and increased 27% vs NH, January 2021). Hospitalization with delayed discharge increased in NHs only (during and immediately after wave 1). Both settings showed a significant increase in hospitalization with death in wave 2, this increase was larger and persisted longer for AL. Conclusions
Pandemic-related changes in hospitalization events differed for AL and NH residents and by wave, suggesting unique

关键词： coagulation   COVID-19   inflammation   thrombin   THROMBOSIS   PLATELET   HEMOSTASIS   INHIBITION   ASPIRIN  

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only challenged global health systems but also spurred intense scientific inquiry into its pathophysiology. Among the multifaceted aspects of the disease, coagulation abnormalities have emerged as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. From endothelial dysfunction to dysregulated immune responses, various factors contribute to the hypercoagulable state seen in severe COVID-19 cases. The dysregulation of coagulation in COVID-19 extends beyond traditional thromboembolic events, encompassing a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from microvascular thrombosis to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Endothelial injury induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers a cascade of events involving platelet activation, coagulation factor consumption, and fibrinolysis impairment. Moreover, the virus direct effects on immune cells and the cytokine storm further exacerbate the prothrombotic milieu. Unraveling this intricate web of interactions between viral pathogenesis and host responses is essential for elucidating novel therapeutic targets and refining existing management strategies for COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. In the quest to unravel the complex interplay between coagulation and COVID-19, numerous clinical and laboratory studies have yielded invaluable insights into potential biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic avenues. Anticoagulation therapy has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of severe COVID-19, although optimal dosing regimens and patient selection criteria remain subjects of ongoing investigation. Additionally, innovative approaches such as targeting specific components of the coagulation cascade or modulating endothelial function hold promise for future therapeutic development.

关键词： Harm reduction   COVID-19   Mixed method   High-risk women   Managers   HIV  

摘要： BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for managers overseeing women's harm reduction centers. This study seeks to capture managers' perspectives on the service providing in women's harm reduction centers during the COVID-19 *** convergent mixed-method study conducted in three provinces of Iran: Tehran, Khuzestan, and Kermanshah. The study was carried out between January and May 2023. In the quantitative part, the researchers utilized reports from 10 center managers. A researcher-designed questionnaire was employed to collect data on a wide range of services and referrals provided by the centers. The qualitative part of the research involved conventional content analysis and included 12 individual interviews. Two directors from the Ministry of Health and ten managers of women's harm reduction centers participated in the interviews. During the interpretation phase, the researchers compared the quantitative and qualitative findings to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the *** the quantitative stage of the study, it was observed that all the managers were women, with an average age of 40.7 +/- 7 years. More than half of the managers had obtained a postgraduate education (n = 6, 60%), and a majority of them were married (n = 7, 70%). Additionally, 40% of the managers (n = 4) were working as contractors. During the non-COVID-19 period, there were higher coverage by centers and residents, more referrals of non-injecting drug users and sex workers, and a higher number of group counseling sessions in all three provinces compared to the COVID-19 period. The qualitative analysis revealed two primary themes: "challenges" and "capabilities."ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, providing some services and client referrals decreased in the centers, and center managers faced increased challenges. Many of these challenges were in the communication, executive, management, structure, education, financial, civilization,

关键词： COVID-19   Students, medical   Surveys and questionnaires   Telemedicine   Telemonitoring  

摘要： BackgroundGiven the health and social needs generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais, Brazil, implemented a teleconsultation and telemonitoring program to assist patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, the TeleCOVID-MG program. The telemonitoring service was conducted by medical students, under the supervision of a physician. The main goal of this study was to analyze the experience of the students while collaborating on the aforementioned telemonitoring *** questionnaire with 27 questions was developed to address the participation of the students in the telehealth program. The questionnaire included questions about the student's profile, the system usability, and the satisfaction in participating in such a telehealth program. The questionnaire was generated on Google Forms (R) platform and sent via email to each student who was part of the telemonitoring *** students were included in the analysis (median age 25 years-old [interquartile range 24-26], 70% women). Of those, 61.6% collaborated on the telehealth program for more than 6 months, 65.1% performed more than 100 telemonitoring calls, 95.2% reported difficulties in contacting the patient through phone calls; 60.3% believe some patients might have felt insecure about being approached by medical students and not by graduate professionals; and 39.6% reported eventual system instabilities. The main strengths reported by the students were related to the system usability and to the self-perception of the quality of healthcare delivered to the patients. Even though 68.3% of the students mentioned technical difficulties, 96.6% reported that they were promptly solved. Finally, 98.3% believed that the program was useful and would recommend it to an *** study reports a successful experience of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 telemonitoring program. Overall, the medical students were satisfied with their participation,

关键词： Islamic bank   BMT   Zakat institution   Micro waqf bank   CROWDFUNDING-WAQF MODEL   TAMWIL   ZAKAT   CWM  

摘要： PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of Islamic economic and social institutions during Covid-19 and try to propose a model that highlights Islamic economics and social institutions' role in providing community economic, social and health recovery ***/methodology/approachThis research uses a qualitative approach with a multicase method. Interviews with the institutions including the Amil Zakat, Islamic Banks, Micro Waqf Banks and Islamic Cooperative (Baitul Maal wat Tamwil) were conducted in order to develop a model about how the integration between each institution in handling the effect of *** model shows the interaction roles of each Islamic institution and implementation in the long term and short term in handling the impact of Covid-19, particularly in the economic, social and health sectors. These institutions will assist the government in establishing community economic independence in the face of COVID-19, which has caused economic sluggishness or *** limitations/implicationsThis study proposes the model of synergy using a qualitative approach. Future studies can develop the synergy model by employing a statistical and quantitative method, such as by employing analytical network process ***/valueThis study adds the literature about empirical evidence on the role of each Islamic economic and social institution and develops new scenario model about integration of those institutions in overcoming economic and social problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. These interactions play a role in shaping the community's economic independence in dealing with the economic downturn due to COVID-19.