关键词： Polycrisis   Covid-19   European integration   fiscal capacity   regionalism   survey experiments   ANTI-IMMIGRANT ATTITUDES   PUBLIC SUPPORT   SOCIOTROPIC POLITICS   LABOR-MARKET   UNION   INTEGRATION   COMPETITION   OPINION   REDISTRIBUTION   POLITICIZATION  

摘要： Economic suffering prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic, coming on the heels of earlier 2008 global-financial and 2015 migration crises, revived debate on citizen support for European fiscal integration policies. Such support can be expected to reflect not only individual-level characteristics but also the extent of crisis exposure in subnational regional contexts where individuals live and work. Unfortunately, existing studies of public support have said little about such regional contexts. This study hence explores how regional-level experience with 'polycrisis' affects support for EU fiscal capacities, combining regional-level crisis measures with a 2020 survey experiment on European citizens' preferences towards fiscal capacity instruments in 5 European countries (DE, ES, FR, IT, NL). This allows tests of whether individual support for various European fiscal capacities reflect regional differences in covid suffering, growth losses after the 2008 global financial crisis, and migration spikes from the 2015 migration crisis. We expect and find that citizens in regions more heavily impacted by the pandemic, financial crisis, and (albeit less so) migration crisis - measured separately and as a composite - tend to more readily support European fiscal integration capacity that is redistributive between countries, financed through progressive taxation, refrains from budgetary conditionality, and is lenient towards reform non-compliance.

关键词： Constructivist grounded theory   COVID-19-imposed constraints and negotiation   socially vulnerable youth   sport and recreation programs   LEISURE CONSTRAINTS  

摘要： COVID-19 ravaged the delivery of sport and recreation programs and services to socially vulnerable youth. Based on the in-depth interviews with nine practitioners/volunteers working with socially vulnerable youth in Little Village, Chicago, Illinois, and their 12 youth (14-16 years old) program participants (N = 21), this study offers a constructivist grounded theory of COVID-19-imposed constraints on sport and recreation programs, their adverse impacts on socially vulnerable youth, adopted negotiation strategies, and consequent silver lining opportunities for programs to help socially vulnerable youth and struggling communities. COVID-19-imposed constraints and their effects on socially vulnerable youth were analyzed at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural levels. Programs' negotiation strategies included moving to virtual and home programming, switching from indoor to outdoor activities focusing on civic responsibility, and adopting COVID-19 safety/prevention protocols. Learned lessons and unexpected opportunities amid adversity contribute to knowledge, practice, and advocacy efforts focusing on socially vulnerable youth and disadvantaged communities.

关键词： borders   COVID-19   crisis   European Union   Schengen   INTEGRATION   POSITIONS   TIMES   GOVERNANCE   WORDS   UNION   TEXT  

摘要： When the member states imposed unilateral restrictions on the cross-border movement of persons and goods in their initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU appeared to relapse into the 'politics trap' of earlier integration crises. However, our analysis of entry restrictions for persons in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland from the end of 2019 to the summer of 2022 shows no systematic relationship between domestic politicisation and national border closures. Rather, border closures followed the course of the pandemic as well as EU recommendations. Our findings suggest that the EU was able to escape the 'politics trap' thanks to the exogenous and symmetrical nature of the crisis and effective EU-level policy coordination.

关键词： Domestic tourism   travel motivation   willingness to pay   travel constraints   two-step cluster analysis   South Africa   SEGMENTATION   PERCEPTIONS   RISK   PUSH  

摘要： The profiling crisis-induced domestic tourist behavior in contemporary tourism is a burgeoning discourse. This study addresses the urgent need to proactively predict and manage domestic tourist behavior. Therefore, the study aimed to profile the South African domestic tourist to predict better tourists' behavioral and demand responses considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were generated from a pre-recruited panel of South African consumers as potential domestic tourists via an online survey, resulting in a sample of n = 427. Exploratory Factor analysis and a two-step cluster analysis were used to identify the clusters based on the respondents' socio-demographic variables, intrinsic (push) and destination attribute-related pull motives, and constraints and willingness to pay. South African domestic recreational tourists are primarily motivated to travel by their relaxation and self-fulfillment needs and seek primarily nature and adventure activity, with palpable differences in their perceived intrinsic and extrinsic constraints and their willingness to pay for domestic tourism. The study is novel in profiling (the contemporary South African domestic tourist) and contextualizing (tourist behavior during a crisis) domestic tourists within an African tourism context. Thus, providing empirical evidence-based insights into the heterogeneity of domestic tourists based on innate psychographic characteristics and salient perception-oriented attributes as viable market segmentation bases.

关键词： Leisure emotional support   leisure instrumental support   leisure social support   flow   loneliness   international students   COVID-19   OLDER-ADULTS   EMOTIONAL LONELINESS   UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS   PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY   HEALTH   LIFE   STRESS   ASSOCIATION   ADJUSTMENT   DIMENSIONS  

摘要： Loneliness that negatively influences well-being in international students is common, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leisure may help international students reduce loneliness. To inform efforts to promote well-being for international students, this study examined whether two types of leisure social support (leisure emotional support and leisure instrumental support) and flow while participating in leisure predict loneliness. In total, 332 international students who attended a private university in Taiwan participated in the study. In-person surveys were used to measure leisure emotional support, leisure instrumental support, flow, and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to analyze data. Results indicated that high levels of leisure emotional support and flow predicted low levels of loneliness, but high levels of leisure instrumental support did not. The study addresses implications of these results in terms of reducing loneliness experienced by international students, without depending highly on the presence of others.

关键词： European attachment   polycrisis   survey panel study   covid-19   Russian invasion of Ukraine   European polity formation   COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES   INTEGRATION   SUPPORT   SOLIDARITY   IDENTIFICATION   PREFERENCES  

摘要： Do crises bring us closer together? Many have observed how, during the Covid-19 pandemic, several European societies experienced a 'rally around the flag' effect. While this certainly took the form of support for incumbent governments, anecdotal evidence suggests that individuals' European identification may have been affected as well. In this paper, we exploit the unique timing and panel nature of a survey, whose respondents were interviewed in March/beginning of April 2020, again in July 2020, and finally in November 2022 to analyze whether a change in attachment to Europe occurred between the first and the second wave of the pandemic and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Our results show that the emotive dimension of EU attachment changed over the course of these crises, increasing both during the Covid pandemic and after the invasion of Ukraine. Our results support the view that symmetric crises tend to bring people closer together, suggesting that far-reaching EU-level actions in case of crises create, rather than require, a perception of belonging to an EU-level community.