关键词： Postmenopausal women   Long COVID   Machine learning   Chronic disease   HEALTH   SEQUELAE  

摘要： Purpose: Long COVID-19 syndrome occurs in 10-20 % of people after a confirmed/probable SARS-COV-2 infection; new symptoms begin within three months of COVID-19 diagnosis and last > 8 weeks. Little is known about risk factors for long COVID, particularly in older people who are at greater risk of COVID complications. Methods: Data are from Women's Health Initiative (WHI) postmenopausal women who completed COVID surveys that included questions on whether they had ever been diagnosed with COVID and length and nature of symptoms. Long COVID was classified using standard consensus criteria. Using WHI demographic and health data collected at study enrollment (1993-98) through the present day, machine learning identified the top 20 risk factors for long COVID. These variables were tested in logistic regression models. Results: Of n = 37,280 survey respondents, 1237 (mean age = 83 years) reported a positive COVID-19 test and 425 (30 %) reported long COVID. Symptoms included an array of neurological, cardio-pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and general fatigue, and malaise symptoms. Long COVID risk factors included weight loss, physical and mobility limitations, and specific heath conditions (e.g., history of heart valve procedure, rheumatoid arthritis). Conclusions: Knowledge of risk factors for long COVID may be the first step in understanding the etiology of this complex disease.

关键词： Prediction of COVID-19 infection   deep learning   multichannel   attention mechanism   environmental impact   STE-COVIDNet   NETWORK  

摘要： Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every country and changed people's lives. Accurate prediction of COVID-19 trends can help prevent the further spread of the outbreak. However, the changing environment affects the COVID-19 prediction performance, and previous models are limited in practical *** An explainable multichannel deep learning model with spatial, temporal and environmental channels for time series prediction, STE-COVIDNet, was proposed. The time series data of COVID-19 infection, weather, in-state population mobility, and vaccination were collected from May, 2020, to October, 2021, in the USA. In the environmental channel of STE-COVIDNet, an attention mechanism was applied to extract significant environmental factors related to the spread of COVID-19. In addition, the attention weights of these factors were analyzed with the actual *** STE-COVIDNet was found to be superior to other advanced prediction models of COVID-19 infection cases. The analysis results of attention weight were reported to be consistent with existing studies and reports. It was found that the same environmental factors that influence the spread of COVID-19 can vary across time and region, which explains why findings of previous studies on the relationship between the environment and COVID-19 vary by region and *** STE-COVIDNet is an explainable model that can adapt to environmental changes and thus improve predictive performance.

关键词： COVID-19   Pandemic preparedness   Equity   Mathematical modelling   Low-income  

摘要： Objectives: Pandemic response in low-income countries (LICs) or settings often suffers from scarce epidemic surveillance and constrained mitigation capacity. The drivers of pandemic burden in such settings, and the impact of limited and delayed interventions remain poorly understood. Methods: We analysed COVID-19 seroprevalence and all-cause excess deaths data from the peri-urban district of Kabwe, Zambia between March 2020 and September 2021 with a novel mathematical model. Data encompassed three consecutive waves caused by the wild-type, Beta and Delta variants. Results: Across all three waves, we estimated a high cumulative attack rate, with 78% (95% credible interval [CrI] 71-85) of the population infected, and a high all-cause excess mortality, at 402 (95% CrI 277473) deaths per 10 0,0 0 0 people. Ambitiously improving health care to a capacity similar to that in high- income settings could have averted up to 46% (95% CrI 41-53) of accrued excess deaths, if implemented from June 2020 onward. An early and accelerated vaccination rollout could have achieved the highest reductions in deaths. Had vaccination started as in some high-income settings in December 2020 and with the same daily capacity (doses per 100 population), up to 68% (95% CrI 64-71) of accrued excess deaths could have been averted. Slower rollouts would have still averted 62% (95% CrI 58-68), 54% (95% CrI 49-61) or 26% (95% CrI 20-38) of excess deaths if matching the average vaccination capacity of uppermiddle-, lower-middle- or LICs, respectively. Conclusions: Robust quantitative analyses of pandemic data are of pressing need to inform future global pandemic preparedness commitments. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://***/licenses/by/4.0/ )

关键词： Cystectomy   Urologic surgical procedures   Covid-19   Bladder tumor   Radical cystectomy   RADICAL CYSTECTOMY   IMPACT   HEALTH  

摘要： This study evaluates the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on bladder cancer care at a tertiary oncology center. Analyzing 463 patient cases from 2019 to 2022, it finds that surgical volumes and TMN stages remained consistent. However, patients undergoing radical cystectomy in 2020 exhibited more advanced disease and longer hospital stays, underscoring the pandemic's significant disruptions and its implications for patient outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with bladder cancer in a tertiary oncology center. Materials and method: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to a tertiary cancer center for the treatment of bladder cancer between 2019 and 2022. Surgical volumes, patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and postoperative outcomes were compared across these years. Results: A total of 463 patients with bladder cancer were admitted in the period, and 78 patients underwent radical cystectomy . The distribution of TMN stages between admitted patients remained consistent across the years, with no statistically significant differences. Patients who underwent RC in 2020 presented more advanced disease at surgery (pT3/pT4 stage) ( P = .045; 95% CI, 0.18-0.55) and had a longer hospital stay compared to other years ( P = .024; 95% CI, 10.26-41.27). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for the treatment of patients with bladder cancer. These results highlight the need to adapt health systems to unforeseen challenges, emphasizing the clinical impact on patients with advanced stages of the disease and the repercussions on their overall survival.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   COVID-19   Healthcare worker   Vaccine   mRNA   Adenovirus vector   SARS-COV-2 INFECTION   VACCINATION   HOSPITALIZATIONS   IMMUNOGENICITY   SURVEILLANCE   METAANALYSIS   LOMBARDY   DEATHS   COHORT   IMPACT  

摘要： Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) have been at increased risk of infection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and as essential workers have been prioritised for vaccination. Due to increased exposure HCW are considered a predictor of what might happen in the general population, particularly working age adults. This study aims to summarise effect of vaccination in this 'at risk' cohort. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE and Embase were searched, and 358 individual articles were identified. Of these 49 met the inclusion criteria for review and 14 were included in a meta-analysis. Results: Participants included were predominantly female and working age. Median time to infection was 51 days. Reported vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic infection, and infection requiring hospitalisation were between 5 and 100 %, 34 and 100 %, and 65 and 100 % (respectively). No vaccinated HCW deaths were recorded in any study. Pooled estimates of protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalisation were, respectively, 84.7% (95% CI 72.6-91.5 %, p < 0.0001), 86.0% (95% CI 67.2 %-94.0 %; p < 0.0001), and 96.1 % (95 % CI 90.4 %-98.4 %). Waning protection against infection was reported by four studies, although protection against hospitalisation for severe infection persists for at least 6 months post vaccination. Conclusions: Vaccination against SARS-CoV2 in HCWs is protective against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalisation. Waning protection is reported but this awaits more mature studies to understand durability more clearly. This study is limited by varying non-pharmacological responses to COVID-19 between included studies, a predominantly female and working age population, and limited information on asymptomatic transmission or long COVID protection.

关键词： COVID-19   Chinese consumers   Food safety   Household environment   Food poisoning   Negative impact   FOODBORNE DISEASES   FROZEN FOOD   ATTITUDES  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic caused notable changes to the food-related habits of consumers worldwide due to their concerns about the risk of infection and the requirement to follow government mandates. To investigate the impact of the pandemic on Chinese consumers' food safety knowledge, food safety behaviors, and their most recent food poisoning experiences, we compared the results from an online survey (n = 583, Dec 2019) conducted before the pandemic was officially announced with an identical survey (n = 599, Aug 2023) conducted seven months after the Chinese government downgraded restrictions related to COVID-19. Post-pandemic there was a significant decrease in consumers' food safety knowledge and self-reported food safety behaviors and a significant increase in their self-reported experiences of food poisoning. Despite respondents stating that their food safety knowledge and behaviors had improved since the start of the pandemic, the data obtained from the two surveys and the respondents self-reporting of foodborne illness suggest that in fact their safety knowledge and behaviors had decreased. These findings highlight the need to reinforce food safety education and behaviors during times when the food system is disrupted, and consumers are focusing on what they perceive to be more immediate issues.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   COVID-19   Inflammation   Cytokines   Innate immunity   Adaptive immunity   T cells   B cells   BMI   Obesity   BODY-MASS INDEX   T-CELLS   HUMAN B   OBESITY   INFECTION   IMPACT   INFLAMMATION   STIMULATION   BLOOD   VACCINATION  

摘要： Introduction: Overweight and obesity are linked to increased hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to characterize induced immune responses and deep immune cell profiles stratified by BMI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods and results: This observational multicenter cohort pilot study included 122 adult patients with PCRconfirmed COVID-19 in Denmark, stratified by BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese). Inflammation was assessed using TruCulture (R) and immune cell profiles by flow cytometry with a customized antibody panel (DuraClone (R)). Patients with obesity had a more pro-inflammatory phenotype with increased TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-10 levels post-T cell stimulation, and altered B cell profiles. Patients with obesity showed higher concentrations of na & iuml;ve, transitional, and non-isotype switched memory B cells, and plasmablasts compared to normal weight patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: Obesity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients may correlate with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory IL-10, and increased B cell subset activation, highlighting the need for further studies.

关键词： chronic urticaria   COVID-19   vaccination   PATHOGENESIS  

摘要： Purpose of reviewTo resume the current literature about vaccination and the onset of chronic *** findingsThe recent large-scale vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 targeting elderly, adult and children, has highlighted how vaccines can trigger onset or exacerbation of chronic ***-19 vaccines may act as triggers in the development of chronic spontaneous urticaria. More data regarding the other vaccines are necessary to evaluate a similar potential role. Proper education of patients with vaccine-induced chronic urticaria is essential to avoid vaccination hesitancy.

关键词： Healthcare professional   COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   Risk factors   Individual protection equipment   PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT   HAND HYGIENE   SARS-COV-2   SAFETY   PROFESSIONALS   CORONAVIRUS   CHALLENGES   PREVENTION   FACILITIES   KNOWLEDGE  

摘要： This review aimed to raise and systematize how the literature reports the categories of health professionals who became ill working during the first fourteen months of the pandemic, as well as critically analyze the risk factors related to COVID-19 contamination. The principles established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis were applied and studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese since 2019 in four databases. The Boolean descriptors and operators used were: 'Healthcare professional' AND 'COVID-19 ' OR 'SARS-CoV-2 ' AND 'Risk factors' AND 'Incidence' AND 'Prevalence'. Zotero (R) software was used for data processing. 4,632 articles were selected for reading the titles, of which 3,429 were excluded. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected to review. The results showed the presence of risk factors in workers in various sectors of health services, who were facing the pandemic, showing that the increase in the occurrence of diseases among workers was related to the shortage of personal protective equipment, the misuse or inappropriate use of these devices and insufficient training to deal with the virus. In summary, this review shows that there is still a need to guarantee and implement health policies.

关键词： Resilience   Performance   Gap analysis   Indonesian trucking companies   SEM PLS algorithm   PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES   SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE   OF-FIT INDEXES   CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT   CONTINGENCY THEORY   LOGISTICS   IMPACT   RISK   ENTERPRISES   CAPABILITY  

摘要： The trucking industry holds most of the Indonesian transportation market share, and COVID-19 tremendously impacts this sector. However, not many scholars have researched the impacts of COVID-19 on the trucking business. This study identifies the differences between high-, medium-, and low -performing trucking companies by investigating the relationships between resilience factors and performance and differentiating survivability and high-performance framework. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling and gap analysis, we identify key resilience factors that differentiate these companies. High performers prioritize resilient leadership, innovation digitalization, adaptability, and risk management, while medium and low performers focus primarily on finances. Our research extends the existing literature by highlighting strategies for survival and high performance during the pandemic, showcasing the importance of broader resilience factors for top performers.