关键词： Long coronavirus disease 2019 (long COVID)   Cerebrovascular disease   Stroke   Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus   2 (SARS-CoV-2)   Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV   SARS-COV-2   RECEPTOR   INFECTION   SUPPRESSION   ACTIVATION   BINDING   ENTRY  

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused immense devastation globally with many outcomes that are now extending to its long-term sequel called long COVID. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects not only lungs, but also the brain and heart in association with endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and thrombosis leading to cardio-cerebrovascular health issues. Fatigue, cognitive decline, and brain fog are common neurological symptoms in persisting long COVID. Neurodegenerative processes and SARS-CoV-2 infection manifest overlapping molecular mechanisms, such as cytokine dysregulation, inflammation, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Identifying the key molecules in these processes is of importance for prevention and treatment of this disease. In particular, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a multifunctional peptidase has recently drawn attention as a potential co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cellular entry. DPPIV is a known co-receptor for some other COVID viruses including MERS-Co-V. DPPIV regulates the immune responses, obesity, glucose metabolism, diabetes, and hypertension that are associated with cerebrovascular manifestations including stroke. DPPIV likely worsens persisting COVID19 by disrupting inflammatory signaling pathways and the neurovascular system. This review highlights the neurological, cellular and molecular processes concerning long COVID, and DPPIV as a potential key factor contributing to cerebrovascular dysfunctions following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

关键词： Intraday volatility   FOMC announcements   Gold futures   Financial crisis   COVID   High-frequency data   TIME PRICE DISCOVERY   COMMODITY PRICES   FEDERAL-RESERVE   MARKET   EFFICIENCY   NEWS   FUTURES   OIL   ANNOUNCEMENTS   EXPECTATIONS  

摘要： In this paper, we use high frequency data to obtain novel asymmetry results in the short-term response of gold to monetary policy shocks. The gold returns and volatility 5 min after the shock are found to be more sensitive to looser than tighter FOMC rate announcement changes. This is explained by the increased appeal of gold during uncertainties and as a safe haven following negative monetary shocks. The rally in gold prices is construed by the market as an increase in the demand for safe haven assets, and hence, a stronger response in gold returns and volatility ensues. Moreover, we find that the gold price adjustment and its volatility adjustment continue for longer than five minutes after the FOMC shock. This suggests potential short-term inefficiencies in the gold market concerning the short-term rates.

关键词： Electricity demand forecasting   COVID-19 pandemic   Bayesian structural time series   IMPACT  

摘要： We examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on electricity consumption in seven U.S. cities. A high-level analysis reveals that reductions in electricity consumption were mostly short-term, mainly when lockdowns were first introduced. Bayesian structural time series modeling was used to decompose electricity consumption into multiple tailored components to better understand the pandemic's impact. We find that models incorporating population mobility achieved high accuracy rates using pre-pandemic data and even better rates using post- pandemic data. Electricity usage dropped during the first six weeks of the pandemic in all but one of the cities studied.

关键词： COVID-19   Public transit   Survey   Chicago  

摘要： Changes in transportation ridership during COVID-19 indicate several important factors, including the need to serve changing spatial and temporal patterns of travel demand, and the equity implications of pandemic impacts across lines of race, age, and income. Various papers have sought to understand changes in transportation ridership during the pandemic, but have been focused solely on a single mode (often public transit), and have been limited to a single data source for analysis. This paper examines and compares the changes in public transit and ride-hailing ridership in Chicago during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating 'who' stopped using transit and Transportation Network Company (TNC) services from a demographic perspective, how remote work relates to changes in transit use, how pandemic ridership changes are clustered in space, and what factors will impact a return to regular travel. Analysis integrates datasets spanning over a year of the pandemic, including aggregate spatial ridership counts that are used to form spatial regression models, and a six-month panel survey that received input from approximately 1,000 Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) riders. Continued transit use is correlated with areas with a greater percentage of African American and Spanish-speaking people, and with a greater percentage of pre-pandemic bus riders and off-peak riders, while peak-period, frequent, and rail system riders stopped using transit to the greatest extent. Areas with a higher share of young, college-educated people, and those with a high walkability metric, generally saw the greatest decreases in TNC use, reflecting a potential loss of trips for those who used TNCs to access social events or employment, and moved to virtual work during COVID-19. Our findings can help to guide transportation service providers and policy-makers in planning service for public safety and a changing demand profile, advancing equity of access to mobility, and anticipating longterm mobility

关键词： Temporomandibular joint disorders   Pain   Fear   COVID-19   Musculoskeletal manipulations   Dry needling   MOBILIZATION  

摘要： Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pain and joint mobility outcomes in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), being that effective treatments are of clinical interest. We aimed to evaluate the effects of manual therapy (MT) and dry needling (DN), compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy/ control (CO), on pain, articular mobility, and fear of COVID-19 in patients with TMD. Materials and methods: Sixty participants with myofascial TMD were randomly assigned to three groups: MT, DN, and CO. Participants received four weeks of treatment (30 min per week). The participants completed the Fear of COVID- 19 Scale, the Visual Analog Scale, and mandibular mobility was assessed. Data were collected before the intervention (T1), after the last treatment session (T2), and 30 days after the end of treatment (T3). The data were analyzed using two-way Mixed-Design ANOVA, considering the group effect (DN x MT x CO), time (T1, T2, and T3), and the interaction time x group in the observed variance of outcomes. Results: We observed an interaction effect of time x group for maximum mouth opening, protrusion, and pain. The maximum mouth opening increased in the DN and MT groups (p = 0.005), while protrusion increased in the DN group (p = 0.007; test power = 97%, large effect size). A decrease in pain scores over time was observed in the DN and MT groups (p < 0.001; test power>99%, large effect size). The fear of COVID-19 score decreased in the DN and MT groups after 30 days (p = 0.033). Conclusion: DN and MT improve pain, joint mobility, and fear of COVID-19 in patients with TMD.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccines   BNT162b2 vaccine   SARS-CoV-2 variants   Treatment outcome   Child  

摘要： Objective: To estimate original wild-type BNT162b2 effectiveness against symptomatic Omicron infection among children 5-11 years of age. Methods: This prospective test-negative, case-control study was conducted in Toledo, southern Brazil, from June 2022 to July 2023. Patients were included if they were aged 5-11 years, sought care for acute respiratory symptoms in the public health system, and were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the primary analysis, we determined the effectiveness of two doses of original wild-type BNT162b2 against symptomatic COVID-19. The reference exposure group was the unvaccinated. Results: A total of 757 children were enrolled; of these, 461 (25 cases; 436 controls) were included in the primary analysis. Mean age was 7.4 years, 49.7 % were female, 34.6 % were obese, and 14.1 % had chronic pulmonary disease. Omicron accounted for 100 % of all identified SARS-CoV-2 variants with BA.5, BQ.1, and XBB.1 accounting for 35.7 %, 21.4 % and 21.4 %, respectively. The adjusted estimate of two-dose vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic Omicron was 3.1 % (95% CI, -133.7% to 61.8 %) after a median time between the second dose and the beginning of COVID-19 symptoms of 192.5 days (interquartile range, 99 to 242 days). Conclusion: In this study with children 5-11 years of age, a two dose-schedule of original wild-type BNT162b2 was not associated with a significant protection against symptomatic Omicron infection after a median time between the second dose and the beginning of COVID-19 symptoms of 192 days, although the study may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference. Trial registration number: *** number, NCT05403307 (https://***/ct2/sh ow/NCT05403307)

关键词： Smartphone   Mobile applications   Remote sensing technology   Exercise   Sedentary behavior   MOBILE PHONE   SCREEN TIME   LIFE-STYLE   RISK   TRENDS   AGE  

摘要： The research that links excessive screen time to adverse health outcomes is based on self-reported screen use. Few studies have documented how passively-sensed smartphone and app use relate to health behaviors like activity and sitting. Furthermore, they have not considered that daily fluctuations in smartphone/app use may have different relationships to these behaviors than a person's usual smartphone/app use. This study evaluated whether physical activity or sedentary (sitting) behavior are associated with either smartphone screen time or specific smartphone app use by adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents and young adults aged 13-29 years wore activPAL4 micro activity monitors while their smartphones logged daily screen time and app use durations for nine days. Data were collected in 2020-2021 and analyzed in 2022-2023. Participants (N = 125) had a mean (SD) age of 19.7 (4.3) years. Participants' usual smartphone screen time was negatively associated with daily step counts. Daily deviations in smartphone screen time were negatively associated with daily step counts and moderate-vigorous physical activity durations. Time spent on Instagram, YouTube and, to a lesser extent, TikTok were linked with reduced activity levels. Daily sedentary behavior was not associated with usual or daily screen time. Interventions to promote physical activity during the transition into adulthood may benefit from limiting excessive smartphone screen time. Specific intervention targets could include limiting use of apps with infinite scrolling feeds algorithmically tuned to maintain user engagement, such as Instagram, YouTube and TikTok.

关键词： CDS volatility   Sovereign risk   Stock markets   Exchange rates   Oil prices   COVID   SOVEREIGN CREDIT RATINGS   DEFAULT SWAPS   RISK   MARKETS   SPREADS   CONTAGION   CRISIS   FUNDAMENTALS   SPILLOVERS  

摘要： The accuracy of CDS premiums has been questioned in many former studies. However, we intend to show that the volatilities of these spreads rather than their basis point levels indicate and signal the status of sovereign risk and credit worthiness as they tend to reveal sudden deteriorations in key sovereign and global economic indicators. In that respect we aim to reveal the determinants of Turkish CDS spread volatility by using an ARDL Bounds Test framework. In line with our expectations exchange rate, stock market indice and oil price volatility have significant positive coefficients in the long run whereas US 10-year bond spreads have short run effects up to three lags. Also, our results show that COVID pandemic has remarkably increased Turkish CDS volatility. Moreover, the unorthodox monetary policies adopted after COVID has also raised CDS volatility with persistently high spread levels where a long-term memory effect was prevalent.

关键词： Migrant labour   care work   eldercare   pandemic   COVID-19   Germany   MIGRATION   LABOR  

摘要： This research examined how migrant care workers in eldercare institutions in Germany were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on their personal experiences. The research is theoretically grounded in intersectionality and the prisoner of love framework. Drawing on 15 qualitative interviews with migrant care workers (MCWs) from Poland and Bosnia-Herzegovina, the main findings highlight that intersecting social positions play an important role in stratifying experiences for MCWs. Migrant workers with high skill levels and job security stressed similarities to their non-migrant colleagues in their day-to-day work experiences during the pandemic, foregrounding their shared professional self-image and creating solidarity between workers of all backgrounds. Strong workplace relationships, emphasising their professional identity, and adapting career plans were ways to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic. The study's results emphasise the need for a more balanced portrayal of the pandemic's impact on migrant workers.

关键词： Transnational families   grandparenting   informal care   COVID-19   immobility   EU migrants  

摘要： This paper discusses the COVID-19 pandemic as a new external challenge to transnational family life that can undermine the care arrangements and intentions developed by the families of Polish migrants following the 2004 EU enlargement. The pandemic, associated lockdowns and travel restrictions raise questions about assumed transnationalism, building upon earlier concerns about taking for granted migrants' cross-national mobility. Based on focus group discussions with Polish grandparents conducted in July 2020 and March 2021, we analyse the pandemic's impact on intergenerational relations with both geographically close and distant kin. We point to perceptions of risks of COVID-19 associated with ethnicised stereotypes and evolving with time. While the pandemic caused temporary restrictions to mobility, it shows the immobilising side of "unsettling events"], the consequences of which, for privileged EU migrants, will unfold in time as their parents' age and require personal care.