关键词： COVID-19   Mental health   Children and young people   ADHD   ASD   DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE   STRENGTHS   DISORDER   ADOLESCENTS  

摘要： To understand whether the mental health of children and young people (CYP) with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were differentially affected by COVID-19. We analysed data (n = 6507) from the Co-Space study, a UK web-based longitudinal survey. CYP with ADHD (n = 160;2.5%), ASD (n = 465;7%), and ADHD + ASD (n = 155;2.4%) were compared with a reference group (n = 5727;88%) using parent-completed questionnaires [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) & Pandemic Anxiety Scale (PAS)]. Baseline to 1-month follow-up differences were compared using linear regression models. CYP with ADHD and/or ASD had higher scores at baseline than other CYP. At follow-up, CYP with ASD showed small but significant improvements in symptoms (SDQ), compared with the reference group. CYP with ASD experienced a worsening of disease anxiety (PAS) and CYP with ADHD a deterioration in functional impairment. These findings indicate a mixed pattern of pandemic-related impact for CYP with ADHD and/or ASD.

关键词： Immobility   Well-being   COVID-19   Bangladesh   Multivariate ordinal model   RESIDENTIAL SELF-SELECTION   OF-HOME ACTIVITIES   MENTAL-HEALTH   TIME-USE   TRAVEL BEHAVIOR   STYLE CHANGES   MODE CHOICE   NEIGHBORHOOD   MOBILITY   TRANSPORT  

摘要： Immobility is known to impact health and well-being by reducing social contact, activity participation, and changing time use patterns. These unfortunate effects mostly affect specific demographic segments, including older adults, low income families, people who face disabilities, and those living in conflict zones. Emergency measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic mandated or strongly recommended limitations to mobility, thereby causing this condition for segments of the public not usually characterized by high levels of immobility. In the context of the pandemic, reduced mobility was the non-pharmaceutical intervention of choice, and the evidence suggests that it helped to keep incidences of the disease from exploding. On the other hand, there is also a need to understand how mobility restrictions may have had incidental impacts, including to well-being, in population groups that have not been studied from this perspective before. In this spirit, the present paper uses the items of the Satisfaction with Life Scale to investigate how aspects of well-being changed during the pandemic, using a sample of 400 college and university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Analysis is based on multivariate ordered models and the results suggest that being less mobile, less active, and changes in activity time use due COVID-19 had an impact on the satisfaction with life of students. The detrimental effect was more marked for males and students from low-income households. Additionally, perceptions of residential characteristics and sense of belonging also correlate with satisfaction with life in the period under study.

关键词： Social gathering   Physical exercise   Depressive symptoms   COVID-19   KLoSA   MENTAL-HEALTH   GENDER-DIFFERENCES   MARITAL-STATUS   SHORT-FORM   ANXIETY   CONSEQUENCES   LIFE  

摘要： Strict social isolation and physical distancing measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had significant implications for the psychological well-being of middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with depressive symptoms during the pandemic period among individuals who reported no significant depressive symptoms before the pandemic. Individuals from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging without a previous report of significant depressive symptoms across Waves 6 (2016) and 7 (2018) were investigated for the development of depressive symptoms in Wave 8 (2020). The multivariable logistic regression results revealed that both men and women who participated in social gatherings and physical exercise less than once a week were associated with an increase in the likelihood of depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80-4.61 and OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.64-4.15, respectively for men and OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.80-3.70 and OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.02-2.23, respectively for women). In addition, unmarried men (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.37-4.14) and women with one chronic disease (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.14-3.43) or two or more chronic diseases (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.31-3.99) reported a significant increase in the likelihood of depressive symptoms. Regular social gatherings and physical exercise were identified as key factors in mitigating depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. The findings can inform the development of public health strategies that promote regular social interactions and physical activity to enhance the psychological resilience and overall well-being of middle-aged and older adults in the endemic era.

关键词： Calcineurin inhibitors   cyclosporine   tacrolimus   anti-VEGF   COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR   RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME   ACUTE LUNG INJURY   VEGF   CYCLOSPORINE   SURFACE   RISK  

摘要： Objective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a violent attack on the body that leads to multi-organ failure and death in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the potential benefits of calcineurin inhibitors (CIs) as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in improving the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 *** We searched various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases, and *** from 31st December, 2019, to 3rd February, 2023, for relevant controlled trials. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software was used for the statistical analyses using a random-effects *** Three trials enrolling 293 participants were reviewed in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed CIs to lead to a significant reduction in mortality rate [risk ratio (RR): 0.598, 95% CI: 0.404-0.885, P-value = 0.010] with a low between-study heterogeneity (Cochrane Q test: I2 = 0.000%, P-value = 0.371). Pooled analysis of two studies (84 patients) illustrated that CIs could not significantly increase the rate of hospital discharge (RR: 1.161, 95% CI: 0.764-1.764, P-value = 0.485) and heterogeneity was not significant (Cochrane Q test: I2 = 26.798%, P-value = 0.242).Conclusion CIs are able to inhibit the virus nucleocapsid protein so that they can prevent replication and respiratory tract tissue damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. Based on the characteristics mentioned in detail, CIs can play a potential therapeutic role for COVID-19 patients.

关键词： COVID-19   Hearing Loss   Sudden   Pandemics   HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS   BELLS-PALSY  

摘要： Objective: This study aimed to highlight the differences in the clinical management and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) due to the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This study compared patients diagnosed with SSNHL between March 2020 and March 2022, following the first reported case of COVID-19 in our country, with patients diagnosed between March 2018 and March 2020. The evaluation encompassed demographic characteristics, comorbidities, other ear-related complaints, hearing loss thresholds at each frequency, medical treatment administered, treatment duration, and posttreatment follow-up audiograms. Results: The demographic characteristics and comorbidities of patients before and during the pandemic showed similar distribution. There was no significant difference in the duration from the onset of symptoms to hospital admission during the pandemic compared to the previous period. When evaluating the treatment responses of hospitalized and treated patients according to Siegel's criteria during the pandemic, a similar trend to the pre- pandemic period was observed. It was noted that the use of systemic steroids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreased during the pandemic period, while the use of antivirals increased. Conclusions: In our study conducted as a reference center, we want to emphasize that no clear data indicating a relationship between COVID-19 infection and NHL. Also, we believe that COVID-19 infection does not affect the course and prognosis of SSNHL.

关键词： Ozone   WRF-CMAQ   Emission reductions   Meteorological conditions   Lockdown   SURFACE OZONE   UNITED-STATES   MODEL DESCRIPTION   AIR-POLLUTION   CHINA   PM2.5   IMPACT   PRECURSORS   SENSITIVITY   POLLUTANTS  

摘要： Shanghai experienced the COVID-19 lockdowns (LCD) in the winter of 2020 and the spring of 2022, respectively. In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) modeling system was used to simulate ozone (O3) in Shanghai, and the contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the increases of the ground-level O3 concentrations in Shanghai during the two LCD periods were analyzed. The relationships between O3 concentrations and meteorological factors were quantified by the multiple linear regression model (MLR). The results showed that the increases in the concentrations of daily maximum 8-h moving average O3 (MDA8 O3) were caused by both meteorological changes and emission reductions, but their relative contributions to O3 concentrations were different in winter and spring. Unfavorable meteorological conditions and the emission reductions during the 2020 winter LCD period increased MDA8 O3 by 2.2 mu g/m3 (2.2%) and 2.8 mu g/m3 (2.8%), respectively, relative to the same period in the previous year. On the other hand, the meteorological conditions during the 2022 spring LCD period increased MDA8 O3 by 7.9 mu g/m3 (6.6%), while the emission reductions only increased MDA8 O3 by 1.1 mu g/m3 (0.9%). The O3 formation in Shanghai urban areas was under the VOC-limited conditions during two lockdowns in winter and spring. Therefore, the VOCs emission reductions were more effective for the control of O3 in Shanghai urban areas. The results emphasized the complex relationship between emission reductions, meteorological conditions and shortterm O3 changes.

关键词： Climate change   COVID-19 pandemic   Public attention   Social media   Topic model   ISSUE COMPETITION  

摘要： The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted peoples' daily lives and dominated the public discourse. It thus displaced people's attention to and concerns about climate change. We analyse 13.5 million tweets by 3.2 million distinct users on climate change posted before and after the onset of the pandemic (2018-2021) and show that attention to climate dropped substantially in 2020 with the onset of the pandemic. While research has helped to explain this drop in the context of issue attention theory, our analysis highlights a remarkable recovery in attention in 2021 towards pre-pandemic levels. Moreover, our large-scale, transformer-based text analysis reveals important thematic shifts during this period. In particular, we show a sustained drop in attention to activist movements and subsequently an increased focus on climate causes and climate solutions. Activist movements, such as the school protests that have mobilized millions around the globe in 2019, have measurably lost traction on Twitter. However, in parts due to increased awareness of causes and solutions, the climate change discourse in general recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Anakinra   COVID-19   Monoclonal antibody   Randomized Controlled Trial   Sarilumab   SARS-CoV-2   Tocilizumab  

摘要： Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19. Clinical trials are examining their efficacy in lowering mortality rates and the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV). It is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to provide more definitive evidence on their effectiveness for COVID-19 patients. This metaanalysis aims to analyze RCT results on the impact of three mAbs (Anakinra, Sarilumab, Tocilizumab) on COVID19 patient outcomes. Method: The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible RCTs were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three mAbs in treating patients with COVID-19. These trials were identified by searching various databases up to April 1, 2024. In total, this meta-analysis incorporated 19 trials with a total of 8097 patients. Pooled relative risk and studies' heterogeneity were assessed by statistical analysis, which involved the use of fixed effects models and subgroup analysis. Result: The administration of mAbs (Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, and Anakinra) showed various results in the management of COVID-19 patients. While the overall pooled data did not reveal a significant reduction in the need for MV, the study found that the use of mAbs was associated with a decreased risk of clinical worsening (pooled relative risk: 0.75, 95 % CI [0.59, 0.94], p = 0.01) and an increased probability of discharging COVID-19 patients by day 28 or 29 (pooled relative risk: 1.17, 95 % CI [1.10, 1.26]). Notably, the subgroup analysis revealed that Tocilizumab had a significant effect in reducing the risk of clinical worsening compared to Sarilumab. Additionally, the analysis of mortality outcomes indicated that the administration of mAbs had the potential to decrease the overall risk of mortality over time (pooled RR: 0.90, 95 % CI [0.83, 0.97], p = 0.01). Conclusion: In summary, our meta-analysi

关键词： Exercise therapy   Recovery   Healthy lifestyle   Quality of sleep   Depressive symptoms   METAANALYSIS   EXERCISE  

摘要： Background and objectives: To analyze the effects of multicomponent training on the quality of life (Qol), sleep quality (SQ), depressive symptoms (DS), and health perception (HP) in adults and elderly individuals postCOVID-19 infection. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial, with an intervention group (IG) of multicomponent physical training lasting 11 weeks and a control group (CG). The participants were adults and elderly people, of both genders, who were infected with COVID-19 in its moderate to severe type. The study was carried out in Florian opolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil from November 2021 to April 2023. The training program consisted of balance, strength and aerobic exercises. QoL, DS, SQ and HP were evaluated at baseline and at the 12th week. Outcomes were analyzed by Protocol (PP) and by Intention to Treat (ITT). Generalized Estimating Equations were used, with Bonferroni post -hoc; alpha: 0.05. Results: Thirty-nine subjects (19 women, 52.50 +/- 12.97 years old) composed the sample. In the ITT analysis, an improvement in QoL was observed only in the intervention group (IG-pre: 10.70 +/- 0.77, post: 8.83 +/- 0.82, p < 0.001; CG -pre: 10.11 +/- 0.81, post:11.00 +/- 1.11, p = 0.408). In relation to SQ, improvement was also found only in the IG (IG-pre: 8.80 +/- 0.94, post: 6.47 +/- 0,88, p < 0.001; CG -pre: 7.00 +/- 1,04, post: 7.21 +/- 1.20, p = 0.768). In DS, improvement was observed (p < 0.001) in both groups (IG-pre: 8.89 +/- 1.14, post: 4.71 +/- 1.22; CG -pre: 9.06 +/- 1.68, post: 6.92 +/- 1.80). In the PP analysis, only SQ and DS improved in both groups. No significant improvements were observed in any of the analyses for the HP outcome. Conclusion: Multicomponent training demonstrated superiority in enhancing QoL and SQ, and both approaches (multicomponent training and recommendations for physical activity) appear to mitigate depressive symptoms. Both approaches seem not to significantly improve HP. Brazilian clinical trials regi

关键词： Administrative claims database   Body mass index   Coronavirus disease 2019   Obesity  

摘要： Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor for aggravation of and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and Body Mass Index (BMI) in the Japanese population. Methods: We used administrative claims data from an advanced treatment hospital in Japan and extracted data from patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The exposure variable was BMI measured at the time of admission, and the study outcomes were progression to critical illness and death. Analyses were performed for each age group. Results: Overall, 58,944 patients met the inclusion criteria. The risk of critical illness increased monotonically with higher BMI. In contrast, the relationship between BMI and mortality follows a J-shaped curve; being underweight and obese are risk factors for mortality. When stratified by age, similar trends were observed for both critical illness and mortality. Conclusion: A higher BMI is a risk factor for the progression of COVID-19 severity, whereas both lower and higher BMIs are risk factors for mortality in the Japanese population.